|
 NATHAN
B. STUBBLEFIELD WAS BORN IN
Murray,
a small town in Kentucky, on November 22, 1860; he
died on March 28, 1928, at the age of 68. From 1885
to 1913, Stubblefield invented, developed,
manufactured and sold, both his wired mechanical
telephone, and his wireless telephone systems
through his own companies, partnerships or
corporations he owned shares of stock in.
-----
The
companies included: NBS Enterprises, The Wireless
Telephone Company of America, The
Gehring-Fennell-Stubblefield Group, The Continental
Wireless Tel.&Tel Company, The Collins Wireless
Telephone Company, and
Teléph-on-délgreen.
-----
Stubblefield
was one of the founding fathers of the
Teléph-on-délgreen Industrial
School, in Murray, Kentucky, now the campus of
Murray State University.
THE
FATHER OF RADIO WAS A WRITER'S PEN
If you question a
grammar school student as to who invented
"radio"
or discovered Maxwell's
"ether
wind" theory, the
student will most likely answer, Marconi. If the
student is particularly bright he or she may
include the inventor's first name, Guglielmo and
his native land, Italy.
If
you quiz a television producer of a documentary
--
like Ken Burns,
or many college professors or students with the
same question, you will more than likely hear the
names, James Clerk Maxwell, Heinrich Rudolph Hertz,
David
Sarnoff,
Marconi, DeForest, Armstrong,
GE, RCA or NBC as your
answer.
-----Although
all of these men and business entities did
contribute enormously to the broad field of
science, now called radio/television broadcasting,
only Stubblefield can be said to have been first to
demonstrate and patent the wireless telephone
broadcasting/ receiving device that is linked to --
today's voice/music transmission.
-----
Be assured, when both
Stubblefield and Marconi were demonstrating and
patenting their wireless telephone and telegraph
transmiting devices, the word "RADIO" wasn't around
at the time.
If
you question the developers of the Apple iMac
and PC ilink, as to who
invented the capabilities that enables the computer
to utilize firewire IE1340 and the Ethernet, maybe
----- just maybe . . . they might include
the names of Stubblefield and Maxwell.
-----The
iMac utilizes Stubblefield's groundless aerial and
his "energized" electrolytic transmission concept,
(firewire) -- and Maxwell's term
"ether".
The original Stubblefield wireless telephone
patents of 1898 and 1908, describe in detail
drawings, how an end user sitting in a
"train",
or riding in a
"horse and
buggy" or
"sailing on
a ship", could connect
themselves to the world of wired wireless, to
stream data, voice and music around the world --
via the copper telephone wire. Today we call it
webcasting and the Internet.
Radio
was invented by the stroke of a pen,
by
the attorney of Lee
DeForest. On February
28, 1907, he changed the name of DeForest
Wireless Telephone & Telegraph Company, to
DeForest
Radio Telephone
Company
to create a single wireless telephone/telegrapy
Radio monopoly. This action was obviously taken
to
confuse any legal claims of collusion and patent
infringement with the Stubblefield Wireless
Telephone Group, the United Wireless Telegraph,
and with the Marconi
Wireless Telegraph Company.
-----
Early day, 1900s --
"watered
stock" scandals were no
different than today's
"Enron"
and
"Global
Crossing" bookkeeping
tricks, and the lawsuist against Microsoft,
accusing them of antitrust violations. Nine states
and various software firms i.e, Palm Inc.,
MicroSun, Dell, and Microsoft's PC archrival,
Apple, are plaintiffs in the. U.S.
District Court vs
Microsoft,
action, Judge
Collen Koolar-Kotelly,
residing.
-----The games played by the
monopolistic "radio" narcissists during the years
before World War I, did keep the Stubblefield
version of the wireless telephone off the market
for over 80 years. By 1918, various governments
took total control of their nations wireless
telephone industry, selecting choice startup
company's i.e.; GE, NBC, RCA, BBC, the Marconi
Company and AT&T -- to run and operate the
single wired/wireless monopoly.
One
can reflect those Wireless Radio
Telephone/Telegraph
start-up
years, with today's
computer industry. Apple vs. Microsoft, Bill Gates
vs. U.S. Government. It was Maj.
George General Squire,
of the U.S. Army Signal Corps, who encouraged
Stubblefield to
file his
Wireless Telephone patent application in October,
1907, "as an
improvement of his own 1898 electrolytic voice
transmitter coil patent".
-----
The
application was approved by U.S. Patent
Commissioner Allen. A year later, on May 5th, 1908,
Stubblefield
Received His All Purpose Wireless Telephone Patent,
Number
887,357.
Because
of these two patents, if any man was to be singled
out,
as the "father" of
wireless voice broadcasting, it would have to be
Nathan B. Stubblefield, the first letter in
SMART.
Before (the
SMART-DAAF
Boys) came
along,
Marconi, Ambrose Fleming, Reginald Fessenden,
Tesla, DeForest, Alexandersen, Armstrong, and
Farnsworth, if you were to
ask Stubblefield, "who discovered electromagnetic
waves and who could describe how voice might have
traveled through space", he would name
Faraday/Curie; and for theory,
Maxwell/Einstein.
-----
There was probably not one
Scientific Journal of his day he didn't have, for
he collected them like some people collect the
tabloid, "Inquirer", loaded with the events of
today.
In
Fact, Stubblefield was so infatuated
with the inventor of the
day, he even named a few of his nine children after
the ones that inspired him most in his pursuit to
broadcast voice, wirelessly. Madam Curie, Sir
Oliver Lodge, Tesla, Edison, Benjamin Franklin and
even Alfonso Marconi, the brother of Guglielmo.
He'd even nickname some of his
Teléph-on-délgreen
Industrial School
students -- Faraday, Henry, Loomis, Maxwell,
Preece, Branly, after the early day experimenters
of the electromagnetic wave.
You
must remember, Marconi
was just 18 years old
when Stubblefield made his first 1892 voice
demonstrations. When Hertz made his spark radio
wave discoveries, in 1886, Stubblefield was sending
electromagnetic signals in Murray, Kentucky. Hertz
never lived long enough to send audible
signals.
The
facts are simple,
Stubblefield would have
never given credit to Loomis, Marconi nor Hertz for
wireless telephone radio broadcasting, because they
never met his criteria for broadcasting voice and
music. He stated many times, "that wireless
telephony must: (1) utilize ether (radio) waves,
(2) send non-coded sounds by speech or music; (3)
and must be available and received by the general
public on a day to day basis."
In
1882, what Loomis did to produce electricity,
(sparks) -
from the
atmosphere, Stubblefield produced electricity,
(continuous) - from the earth. The earth's
land-ground is always charged, and like the
atmosphere, it could be considered a giant
conductor; and in certain moist low-beds and
crystal rock-bed areas, a giant capacitor, that
discharges itself when exposed to certain
conditions. That condition became Stubblefield's
"secret" invention, which was patented 16 years
later, on -- March 8, 1898, entitled, "Earth
Battery". Since its invention the "ground cell" has
been called the "earth cell"; "electrolyte
battery"; "water battery" or "ground battery".
Its
patent number is
600,457.
His
invention consisted of a small, bolt-shaped-like
unit.
When
copper is properly wound around the iron core stem
of the unit, it becomes a "coil". The letters of
patent explains that the electrical battery has for
its object: to provide a novel and practical
battery for generating electrical currents of
sufficient forms for practical uses, and also
providing means for generating not only a constant
primary current but also an induced momentary
secondary oscillating current.
-----
Stubblefield
later referred to these earth batteries as - "the
bed rock of all my scientific research in "raidio"
transmission, (1892) - of today. Without going into
details, his batteries could perpetually run and
operate a clock and small motor. Stubblefield's
"electrolyte battery" - is the precursor for todays
"firewire".
Stubblefield's
Electrolytic
Detector, or Water Battery Patent
Edward
Freeman, in his research of early
experimenters
stated that -- Stubblefield made his first public
demonstration of any kind in Murray in 1882, when
he was just twenty-two years old. On this occasion
Stubblefield placed a compass in a window above the
Masonic Hall on the north side of the courthouse
square in Murray. He then carefully descended to
the street, and while doing so kept something well
hidden beneath his coat. He dug a hole, slipped
whatever apparatus he was holding into it, (the
ground battery) - then covered it up. Shortly after
a signal from Stubblefield, there was a distinct
tremor of the compass needle, a slightly jarring
vibration, and the needles spun crazily. However,
people were not impressed with the demonstration
that it was the electromagnetic waves emitted from
Stubblefield's earth battery, that got power to
spin the needle.
By
1885, Stubblefield Succeeded in sending voice
between
2 parallel antennas by utilizing the same
principals as Henry and Loomis developed in sending
damped signals; except, where they used a spark
transmitter, he utilized an electric current
dispersion system that emitted low-frequency
undamped waves, produced by his electro-magnetic
induction coil. It was limited in distance, but
wireless or radio nevertheless; and he offered it
to his telephone customers.
By
1890, Stubblefield discovered
there
were several methods by which articulate speech
could be transmitted between two given points
without connecting wires, or wireless telephony, as
it is was popularly termed at the time. He sent
voice through space by modulating the continuous
electromagnetic wave -- with a Berliner microphone,
(the transmitter) - leading to the
antenna.
1892
- First Wireless Telephone Broadcasting
Demonstrations:
(Voice)
Nathan B. Stubblefield's first public "wireless
telephone" demonstration was given in the town
square of Murray, Kentucky, a radius of about one
half mile.
By
connecting his telephone apparatus to his newly
invented electrolytic coil earth battery -- that
could transmit and detect continuous undamped
electromagnetic waves, Stubblefield, using his
grounded bare wired aerial system connected to a
copper antenna placed on top of a pole -- was able
to talk back and forth "without wires" to others
with a like telephone, or broadcast voice and music
to those listening through a mono-earphone piece.
Rainey T. Wells, was one of the first persons to
hear Stubblefield's wireless voice transmissions,
in
1892.
To
Send A Voice, said Stubblefield, in 1902,
AMONG
THE MOST important methods are those operating: (1)
by electro-magnetic induction; (2) by electric
current dispersion, (wired); (3) by variation of a
beam of light, (thermal); (4) by electro-static
induction; and (5) by electro-magnetic waves; or
(6) by a combination of all 5. The first and fifth
methods, namely that of electro-magnetic induction
and by electro-magnetic waves, were the simplest
and easiest for Stubblefield to demonstrate to the
layman on how the human voice could be transmitted
and received through space, without connecting
wires, "even though" he stated, "walls and other
objects that obtruded the transmission, was
standing in the way."
For
best results, to maintain articulate voice
quality,
he
combined, early in 1890, methods 1, 2, 4 and 5 to
transmit and receive articulate voice. He was the
first to use a loudspeaker with his wireless.
(Figure 01.20). During World I and II, the Army
Signal Corps and AT&T called this combined
system, the "Squier System" or "Wired Wireless". If
one system was knocked out by the enemy, the other
system would still operate.
1908
0512 - PATENT:
Stubblefield
Received His All Purpose - Wireless Telephone
Patent, Number
887,357
Click
to Go To US Patent Office -- then Click Full Text
to refresh page.
- (Patent Expires May 12, 1925)
Troy Cory-Stubblefield's, Smart-Daaf
Boys All-In-One Dictionary, the U.S. Patent
Office, TVI Magazine, Associated press, Reuters,
and VRA's D-Diaries were used in compiling this
report.
Respectfully, Josie Cory,
TVI Publishing
3.
Editor's Note /
For
More Go To NBS 1925 to 1934
•
1925 - De
Forest's 1908 Audion Patent Number Three, #879, 532
Covering The Device As A Detector,
Expires.
•
1925 0512 -
Patent Expires: Stubblefield's 1908
Radio Patent Expires, May 12, 1925.
For
More Go To NBS 1928 0328 -
DEATH
OF NATHAN B.
STUBBLEFIELD,
and the end of his dream, the National
Broadcasting System, "The Inventor Of Radio"
(Wireless Telephony) died in Murray, Kentucky on
March 28, 1928. He is buried in the Bowman family
cemetery, located in back of the Walston property,
known as, 1619 N. 4th Street, Murray, KY.
MAXWELL'S
ETHER THEORY DIES - November, 13, 1931. The
one-hundredth anniversary of Clerk Maxwell's birth
was marked by the scientific world "digging a grave
for the theory of a luminiferous ether," but at the
same time honoring Maxwell's mathematical
genius.
•
1934
-
Congress created the Federal
Communications Commission in 1934.
4.
Bylines
More
About Stubblefield's Patents, and some of his
wireless telephone associates, including, Gen.
Squire
and
A. Frederick Collins.
NBS100
TeleComunication Study - Regulatory Frequency
Seizure
TVI Magazine
Updates By Scott
B.
Stubblefield
Original Timeline from
"The
SMART-DAAF
BOYS"™
The
Inventors of Radio and Television
1892-1931
More
Stubblefield02
Research
More
Articles • Converging
News JULY 2007 / TeleCom BuyOuts, Spinoffs and
Asset Seizure Boom
Respectfully
Submitted
Josie
Cory
Publisher/Editor
TVI Magazine
•
• TVI
Magazine, tviNews.net, YES90, Your Easy Search,
Associated Press, Reuters, BBC, LA Times, NY Times,
VRA's D-Diaries, Industry Press Releases, They Said
It and SmartSearch were used in compiling and
ascertaining this Yes90 news
report.
•
• ©1956-2019.
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