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Tesla
was the Inventor and patent holder of most
of the parts for the AC 60 cycle Generator
- motor before he assigned his rights to
Westinghouse
Electric and Manufacturing Company,
American for a reported, $1-million in
cash.
•••
NIKOLA
TESLA WAS BORN on
July 10, 1856 in
Smiljan, Croatia, and was raised in strict
Christian Orthodox
environment.
His
father, Milutin Tesla, was the
priest of the local parish and his
mother
Djuka was a devout follower of the faith.
He was the second son,
and was one of five
children, having
one brother and three sisters.
•••
Tesla's legacy
can be seen across modern civilization
wherever a land-line high-voltage
electricity utility is connected to a home
or office to power your radio, television
or other ancillary devices plugged into
wall sockets.
•••
Aside from his
work on electric motors that generate
high-voltage currents, Tesla is said to
have contributed in varying degrees to the
fields of robotics, ballistics, computer
science, nuclear physics, theoretical
physics, electromagnetism and dam
building.
•••
The Tesla AC
Generator - motor, induction coil
high-voltage
concept was
first used by the Westinghouse Electric
Company to install the electrical power
turbines in the 1886, Niagara Falls River
Dam Project.
•••
The "Tesla Coil" device is the coil
device that transformed the electrical
power generated by
the Dam's turbine motors being spun
by the hydro water tunnels flowing into
the dam. The
"Tesla Coil" device is a transformer with
an air core that has both its primary and
secondary tuned in resonance.
•••
The induction coils had the ability
to convert high-voltage
electricity into usable AC current that
could be flowed through copper land-lines
from Niagara Falls to light-up Buffalo,
New York, 28 miles away.
•••
Steam or
gasoline engines were substituted to power
the Tesla AC generators in cities not
serviced by dams, or the old mill
stream,
•••
Tesla's major
competitors were Marconi, Fessenden,
Alexanderson, Armstrong. Edison and GE
contended that it was an illusionary dream
of Tesla's financial backers that Tesla
could transmit high-voltage
through space
to light-up country towns.
•••
Did Tesla
personally transmit the Wireless Telephony
and Telegraphy Morse Code through space
before Marconi, Stubblefield or Fessenden?
No, but others did by purchasing one of
his AC generators, or pluging their radio
transmitter into a hot wired wall
socket..
•••
As the
Stubblefield, Tesla friendship grew,
Stubblefield named his son William Tesla
Stubblefield, born, May 7, 1905. -
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Believe
it or not, in the days of Tesla, before
wireless telephony was renamed "Radio,"
the word "phony" -- bothered everyone in
the wireless, especially those in the
motor - electric generator industry like
Tesla, Edison and Westinghouse.
More
About Grandpa Nat and
Tesla
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•••
It took 100 years after the
Stubblefield Wireless Telephone™
patent was filed, before the first group
of Wireless Telephone™ frequencies
were sold by the FCC for over $30-billions
of dollars.
(1996),. -
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MORE ABOUT: FESSENDEN WINS LAW SUIT
AGAINST THE RADIO TRUST, General Electric
Company, the Radio Corporation of America,
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing
Company, American Telephone and Telegraph
Company, Western Electric Company, Inc.,
United Fruit Company and the Wireless
Specialty Appliance
company.
•••
"I
have harnessed the cosmic rays and caused
them to operate a motive device." -
Nikola Tesla; Brooklyn Eagle, July 10,
1931. •
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02
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/ NIKOLA
TESLA - The
Early
Days
•
FOR YEARS 1856 To 1890 -
•
1856 - Nikola Tesla was born in
Smiljan, Croatia, then part of the
Austro-Hungarian military
frontier
on July 10 (in
the Gregorian
calendar),
June 28 (Julian
calendar; to Milutin Tesla, a
priest of the Orthodox Church, and his
wife Djuka and was
christened by the Serb orthodox priest,
Toma Oklobdija.
He was a Serbian
of Valachian descent.
•
1862-1866 - attends
elementary school in Smiljan and
Gospic.
•
1884-1885
- Upon his arrival in the United States,
Tesla becomes Edison's associate, offering
him his diligence and abilities.
However, he
fails to get Edison interested in his
induction motor and other inventions in
the field of polyphase alternating
currents so that, after only a year, these
two great men part company, and after
Edison refused to give him his promised
sum. •
CLICK
FOR COMPLET 1856 TO 1890 TIMELINE: People
Section - Nikola
Tesla
-
•
1891 To 1943 - / •
•
1891 - On February 21, 1891,
Tesla publishes his article "Phenomena of
alternate currents of very high frequency"
in Electrical World, Vol. XVII, No.
8".
•
1891 - A set of experiments, on
what Tesla called "a simpler device" for
the production of electric oscillations,
resulted in the device known today as the
Tesla Coil. A Tesla Coil is a transformer
made up of two parts - a primary and
secondary coil, one inside the other. When
electrically charged the interaction
between the two coils produces a voltage
high enough to make the air conduct
electric currents. Getting the power high
enough to make the air an effective
conductor of currents is key to wireless
transmission of radio
waves.
•
•
Tesla pursued the application of
his coil technology to radio. By tuning a
coil to a specific frequency he showed
that the radio signal could be greatly
magnified through resonant action.
However, before he was able to fully
demonstrate sending a radio signal 50
miles, his laboratory and equipment were
destroyed in a
fire.
•
•
Thus, when Marconi made his
famous 1901 Trans-Atlantic transmission,
the power portion of his system was based
on Tesla's findings. In fact, Tesla and
Marconi remained in legal battles for
patent priority even after both men
died.
•
1891 - On February 4, 1891,
Tesla applies for a patent for the
production of high frequency currents by
means of a condenser discharge.
•
1891 - On April 24, 1891, Tesla
applies for a patent for a high frequency
transformer.
•
1891 - On May 20, 1891, Tesla
gives his famous lecture "Experiments with
alternate currents of very high frequency
and their application to methods of
artificial illumination" before the
American Institute of Electrical
Engineers.
•
1891 - Tesla becomes a
naturalized citizen of the United States
at the age of 35, on July 30, 1891. He
establishes his 35 South Fifth Avenue
laboratory in New York during this same
year. Later, Tesla would establish his
Houston Street laboratory in New York at
46 E. Houston Street. He lit vacuum tubes
wirelessly at both of the New York
locations, providing evidence for the
potential of wireless power
transmission.
•
1892-
Journey To Europe
•
1892-1894 -
Early
Experiments in Radio Technology
•
1892 -
On February 3, 4, and 19, 1892,
Tesla delivers a series of lectures in
London, before the Association of
Electrical Engineers and the Royal
Society, and in Paris, before
International Association of Electric
Engineers and the French Society of
Physicists, on the subject of "Experiments
with alternate currents of high potential
and high frequency". In these lectures,
Tesla laid the foundations for his ideas
of radio
technology.
•
1892 -
The death of his
mother.
Receiving the news of his
mother's illness, Tesla cancels the
lectures planned for March and April in
some other large European cities and, for
the second time since his coming to the
States, visits his homeland, arriving
hours before his mother's death. After her
death, Tesla fell ill. He spent two to
three weeks recuperating in Gospic´
and the village of Tomingaj near Gracac,
Croatia, the birthplace of his mother.
•
1892 -
May 1892, a visit to Belgrade, the
capital of Serbia, where he was received
as a national hero.
Tesla
also visits the Croation capital Zagreb
where he gives a
lecture about alternating
current.
Besides
being a great inventor Tesla was an
outspoken Serbian patriot. He had never
hidden his patriotic feelings
and
was proud of his
Croatian motherland and Serbian
descent.
• 1892 - By 1892, Tesla
became aware of what Wilhelm Röntgen
later identified as effects of X-rays.
•
1892-1894 - Tesla served as the
vice president of the American Institute
of Electrical Engineers (now part of the
IEEE).
•
1893 - In 1883, the Niagara
Falls Power Company, contracts with George
Westinghouse to design a system to
generate alternating current.
•
1893 - On February 24 and March
1, 1893, Tesla gives lectures in
Philadelphia before the Franklin Institute
and in St. Louis before the National
Electrical Light Association: "On light
and other high frequency phenomena". In
Philadelphia he presents a more detailed
plan of wireless radio telegraphy,
including antenna-earth link and
resonating electric current circuits.
•
1896 - The Niagara Falls Power
Company, completes construction of the
giant underground conduits leading to
turbines generating upwards of 100,000
horsepower (75 MW), and were sending power
as far as Buffalo, twenty miles
(32 km) away. The project was
reported to be financed by the J.P.
Morgan, John Jacob Astor IV, and
Vanderbilt Hedge Fund consorium.
•
1896 - Tesla discovers during
his various Motor - Induction Coil spark
electricity experiments, that he could
generate and develope high frequency and
high potential alternating currents. The
results was the development of the "Tesla
coil." This device is a transformer with
an air core that has both its primary and
secondary tuned in resonance.
•
1893-1898
- From 1893 to 1898, Tesla
protects by patents his various
discoveries in the field of high frequency
currents, including a large number of
oscillators with an ingenious device for
extinguishing the
sparks.
•
1894 - In 1894, Tesla erects
his first small radio station in his
laboratory and begins his experiments in
radio technology. At the same time, he
builds his first radio-controlled
automata.
•
1893 - From 1893 to 1895, Tesla
investigated high frequency alternating
currents. He generated AC of one million
volts using a conical Tesla coil and
investigated the skin effect in
conductors, designed tuned circuits,
invented a machine for inducing sleep,
cordless gas discharge lamps, and
transmitted electromagnetic energy without
wires, effectively building the first
radio transmitter.
•
1893 - In St. Louis, Missouri,
Tesla made a demonstration related to
radio communication. Addressing the
Franklin Institute in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania and the National Electric
Light Association, he described and
demonstrated in detail its principles.
Tesla's demonstrations were written about
widely through various media outlets.
•
1893 - At the 1893 World's Fair, the
World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago,
Illinois, an international exposition was
held which for the first time devoted a
building to electrical exhibits. It was a
historic event as Tesla and George
Westinghouse introduced visitors to AC
power by using it to illuminate the
Exposition. On display were Tesla's
fluorescent lights and single node bulbs.
Tesla also explained the principles of the
rotating magnetic field and induction
motor by demonstrating how to make an egg
made of copper stand on end in his
demonstration of the device he constructed
known as the "Egg of Columbus."
•
•
The successful lighting of the Expo
was then a factor in Westinghouse winning
the contract to install the first
hydroelectric power machinery at Niagara
Falls. All of the enormous motors at the
power station bore Tesla's name and patent
numbers.
•
1894 -
Tesla became
very close friends with Mark Twain and
they spent a lot of time together in his
lab and elsewhere. Tesla was also friends
with Robert Underwood Johnson. He had
amicable relations with, among others,
Francis Marion Crawford, Stanford White,
Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and
Kenneth Swezey, but he remained bitter
towards Edison. The day after Edison died
the New York Times contained extensive
coverage of Edison's life, with the only
negative opinion coming from Tesla who was
quoted as saying, "He had no hobby, cared
for no sort of amusement of any kind and
lived in utter disregard of the most
elementary rules of hygiene" and that,
"His method was inefficient in the
extreme, for an immense ground had to be
covered to get anything at all unless
blind chance intervened and, at first, I
was almost a sorry witness of his doings,
knowing that just a little theory and
calculation would have saved him 90 per
cent of the labor. But he had a veritable
contempt for book learning and
mathematical knowledge, trusting himself
entirely to his inventor's instinct and
practical American sense."
•
1895 -
Continuation
of Radio Technology
Experiments
•
1895 - On March 13, 1895, fire
destroys Tesla's laboratory with the radio
station, the constructed automata, his
first models of induction motors and other
polyphase system devices as well as a
valuable technical
archive.
•
1895 - The hydro-electric
station was commissioned on 20th April
1895 with three water driven alternators
each of 5,000 HP. Although not getting any
financial reward, Tesla was acclaimed for
his inventiveness and feted at dinners
given in his honor.
•
1895 - Tesla and Edison became
adversaries in part due to Edison's
promotion of direct current (DC) for
electric power distribution over the more
efficient alternating current advocated by
Tesla and Westinghouse. Until Tesla
invented the induction motor, AC 's
advantages for long distance high voltage
transmission were counterbalanced by the
inability to operate motors on AC. As a
result of the "War of Currents," Edison
and Westinghouse were almost bankrupt.
• 1895 - Tesla in 1895
lost everything when his laboratory went
up in smoke. Friends including M.r Adams,
a banking associate of J.P. Morgan, helped
him set up a new laboratory in Houston
Street, New York with a grant of
$40,000.
•
•
It took him two years to
rebuild the radio system from his head,
which he then patented, but was unable to
persuade anyone to invest in his ideas. He
staged an impressive demonstration in
Madison Square Gardens, where he had a
large tank of water on which floated a
boat. He directed its movement by remote
radio control. He even managed to get the
boat to submerge still controlling its
underwater movement. He claimed he could
design a remote controlled submarine
torpedo boat, but the US Navy never took
him up the idea. He was experimenting with
very high voltages for the time, and had
the vision of transmitting power through
the air i.e. without wires. This tended to
give him a bad name with other engineers
and the technical press. They were
uncertain of taking his wild predictions
seriously.
•
1896-09 - In his new
laboratory, Tesla continues with his
experiments in a
System
of Transmission of Electrical Energy using
grounded induction coils.
Granted March 20,1900. - Patent
Filed Sept. 2, 1897, CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
radio technology.
1896-1024 -
Stubblefield Patent finling. October 24,
1896. Wireless Telephone Transmission Coil
Patent - United
States Patent No. 600,457, Granted May 8,
1898.
Click to Go To US Patent Office -- then
Click Full Text to refresh page. Applie
for: October 24, 1896.
PATENT
WAS ISSUED TO STUBBLEFIELD FOR the
ELECTROLYTIC
COIL. The
Patent was referred to as the:
Electrolitic Water Battery, the
Electrolitic Oscilating Coil, the
Induction Coil, Earth Battery, Undamped
Transmitting Coils, The Stubblefield's
Electrolytic
Detector.
CLICK
TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1896-12 -
Marconi
- Granted U.S. Patent 0586193, Marconi
"Transmitting Electrical Signals" For
Table Top Morse Code finger operation.
(using Ruhmkorff coil and Morse code key)
filed Dec. 7, 1896, Granted July 13,
1897.
CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
•
1896 - Still experimenting with
resonance in 1896, he created a small
earthquake. This shook buildings in a
radius of a dozen square blocks, so that
the rumbles reached the local police
station, and a squad of policemen was
dispatched to his laboratory. They arrived
there only to find that he had smashed the
offending equipment with a sledgehammer.
At this time Tesla published the complete
description of the Tesla/Thomson coil in
electrical journals (Elect. Review 1896),
which was described as a high frequency,
high voltage (10,000 &endash; 15,000
volts) transformer with no iron core. By
1899 Tesla was running short of money
again and a dangerous situation was
developing with such high voltages wafting
around a confined laboratory.
•
1897-07 -
Marconi
- Granted U.S. Patent 0586193, Marconi
"Transmitting Electrical Signals" For
Table Top Morse Code finger operation.
(using Ruhmkorff coil and Morse code key)
filed Dec. 7, 1896, Granted July 13,
1897.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1897-09 - PATENT
filing
- Granted 1900.
Tesla's
U.S. Patent 645,
654,576
-- 649,621,314 for his basic plans for
induction spark electricity signaling coil
device with resonating electric current
circuits, on September 2, 1897.
System of Transmission of
Electrical Energy.
-
Granted
March 20,1900.
- CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
• 1897 - PATENT filing -
Granted
1900. Tesla's
U.S.
Patent 649,621 314 Apparatus for
Transmission of Electrical Energy,
Filed Sept. 2, 1897, Granted May
15,
1900.
• 1897 -
In the spring
of 1897, near New York, Tesla erects a new
and bigger radio station and sends radio
signals over a distance of more than 40
km.
•
1897 - Tesla releases Westinghouse
from contract, providing Westinghouse a
break from Tesla's patent royalties.
Westinghouse, buoyed up by this
success and renewed fortune, decided to
put forward a quotation for building a
hydro-electric scheme for the Niagara
River. This idea had been mooted as long
ago as 1886 and a Commission had been
appointed with Lord Kelvin, described as
an eminent British engineer, as the
Chairman and consultant. Westinghouse's
company did not have enough money to build
the scheme, although it had the Tesla AC
patents, so he approached Edison's
company, which was now called General
Electric, an amalgamation of Edison
General Electric and Thomson Houston, who
had the capital with a well-known banker,
J.P. Morgan behind them. But they did not
have the necessary AC polyphase system, so
that a deal was brokered for the two
companies to set about designing a
suitable scheme. They appointed George
Forbes, a Scottish engineer in charge of
the project.
1898 0508 -
Stubblefield Patent Granted. finling.
October 24, 1896. Wireless Telephone
Transmission Coil Patent -
United
States Patent No. 600,457, Granted May 8,
1898.
Click to Go To US Patent Office -- then
Click Full Text to refresh page. Applie
for: October 24, 1896.
PATENT
WAS ISSUED TO STUBBLEFIELD FOR the
ELECTROLYTIC COIL. The Patent was referred
to as the: Electrolitic Water Battery, the
Electrolitic Oscilating Coil, the
Induction Coil, Earth Battery, Undamped
Transmitting Coils, The Stubblefield's
Electrolytic
Detector.
•
1898 - PATENT -
Tesla's
US
Patent 613,809 318 Method of and
Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of
Moving Vessels or Vehicles, Filed July
1,
1898,
Granted Nov. 8,
1898.
•
1898 - PATENT
-
Tesla's
U,S,
Patent 609,250 Electrical Ignitor
for Gas Engines, Filed Feb. 17,
1897, Granted August 16, 1998. CLICK TO
VIEW
PATENT.
Radio
Station
•
1898 - In the beginning
of 1898, at a sea-coast near New York,
Tesla conducts his famous experiment
controlling, by radio, the movements of a
boat model out on the sea from the
distance of several
kilometers.•
• 1898 - On July 1, 1898,
Tesla is granted patent 613 809 for his
discoveries underlying radio
communication.
•
1899 - In 1
