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CLICK - FCC InterNet WiTEL®™© Rulings - June 2009 to 2010
113.09iiNetNeutralityRule
102.09iiiFCCRulesInternetNeutrality (210)
AT&T and Cable Telcos Rejects project

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Headlines / Updates: October 10, 2009 / laTimes
•• The FCC sent an inquiry to Google Inc. on Friday seeking information about the software's functionality, the number of users and the identity of its partners.
•• Google Voice allows users to consolidate their home, office and cellphone numbers by routing the calls through a central Google number. It records voice mail and sends written transcripts of the messages to users.

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102.09FCCworkout'netneutrality'rules / Oct23, 2009.
••• During the NBS WiTEL press conferance held at Hollywood Digital confab on October 23, 2009, FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski won a victory on his first major policy issue at the agency. The Federal Communications Commission announced they would begin a data-gathering process. Commissioners may consider whether regulations should apply to not just Internet access providers but also those that feed content to the Web.
•••
The LA Times reported that, With a unanimous vote to move forward on a rule-making process for how the government would police access to the Internet.
•••
The chairman, picked by President Obama, said, "The heart of the problem is that, taken together, we face a dangerous combination of an uncertain legal framework with ongoing as well as emerging challenges to a free and open Internet."
•••
"Today we do disagree on substance. I do not agree with the majority's view that the Internet is showing breaks and cracks and that the government . . . needs to fix it," McDowell said. "Nonetheless, it is important to remember that the commission is starting a process, not ending one."
•••
Republican Commissioners Robert M. McDowell and Meredith Attwell Baker voted in favor of the proposal but said they dissented on "facts" of the proposal. They said their votes were for the beginning of a data-gathering process, which should last at least 120 days. They did not say whether they would vote in favor of ultimate rules and have disagreed that the Internet appears to need more regulation.
•••
He also said that in considering such rules, the FCC needed to weigh whether the policy should apply to a broader array of companies that feed into the Web, instead of just access providers such as AT&T Inc., Verizon Communications Inc., Comcast Corp. and Sprint Nextel Corp.
•••
The FCC doesn't have jurisdiction over the Internet but is the watchdog agency over communications companies that enable consumers and businesses to access the Web -- the so-called onramps to the Internet.
•••
When asked about his views on expanding regulation to include Web content firms such as Google Inc., Amazon.com Inc. and Skype Ltd., Genachowski said the agency should be cautious.
•••
"This whole proceeding has always been about Internet access providers," Genachowski said after the meeting. "We should be cautious before tackling issues of onramp providers to the Internet itself."
•••
"The government's role in preserving openness is important but also modest," Genachowski said at the meeting. "I have to be clear that government should not be in the business of running or regulating the Internet."
•••
The most contentious details will be on precise definitions for how (the TELco) carriers, and (providers) can reasonably manage traffic on their networks (Pipelined into the homes and offices on their local landlines). There will also be much debate on what managed services, such as telemedicine and some video applications, should fall under final rules.
•••
Genachowski said that the rules would apply across all platforms of broadband access, including mobile Internet, (NBS WiTEL®™©), and that the agency would consider technical questions and take into account the concerns of wireless providers.

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113.09iiNetNeutralityRule / September 21, 2009 / FCC Ensuring Net neutrality. Julius Genachowski, the new FCC chairman is right to want new rules that would keep service providers from limiting selected data traveling through their networks.
•• The new chairman of the Federal Communications Commission picked his first official fight Monday, and it's a doozy. Four decades after engineers at UCLA demonstrated a rudimentary version of the Internet, FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski wants to develop new rules limiting what Internet service providers can do to the data traveling through their networks. His proposal drew polite but firm opposition from the phone and cable TV companies that are the dominant providers of broadband connections, which warned that such rules could chill innovation online. We agree that the commission will need to proceed carefully, but we also believe that the right set of so-called Net neutrality rules would promote even more growth and innovation.
•• At the heart of the issue is how broadband ISPs deal with congestion caused by the increasing amount of online video and other bandwidth-heavy applications. Advocates of Net neutrality worry that ISPs will offer selected websites and services a route around congestion for a fee -- and in the process, pick winners and sap the creative energy that has made the Net a breeding ground for new businesses.
•• The FCC took a tentative stab at the issue in 2004, when then-Chairman Michael Powell announced four crucial (4 Freebies) "Internet Freedoms": the ability of Internet users to access any legal content, software or services online, and to connect to the Net through any compatible device. Genachowski laid out two more: Broadband providers should not discriminate against particular websites or applications, nor conceal how they manage data. He also said that the commission should translate these principles into formal rules rather than leaving them in legal limbo.
•• Lobbyists for phone and cable TV companies argue that there's little evidence of ISPs playing unfairly or violating Powell's four freedoms. Yet when the FCC moved to stop Comcast from surreptitiously interfering with a legal file-sharing application last year, Comcast sued, claiming the commission had no power to enforce the principles. It's paradoxical that the government should have to regulate the Internet to preserve its unregulated essence. But with so little competition in broadband service, the major phone and cable companies have the power and the incentive to stop worthy but disruptive innovations in the name of "managing congestion." The FCC should set clear rules that enable ISPs to keep data flowing from all legal services and applications, not just favored ones.

///

102.09iiiFCCRulesInternetNeutrality (210)

September 21, 2009 / MONDAY FREEBIES - Google, Yahoo WiTEL vs AT&T, etc. Internet 'net neutrality' is endorsed by FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski proposes formalizing rules and adding mandates that he says would keep online traffic moving freely. The proposals would also cover wireless Internet service.
•• Federal Communications Commission Chairman Julius Genachowski has proposed new rules to ensure unfettered access to the Internet. Wireless carriers have given his proposal a cool reception.
•• AT&T, the nation's largest land-line and wireless carrier, complained that changing government rules a year after wireless companies spent billions of dollars in an FCC auction to lease what they thought were unencumbered public airwaves "creates the impression of a 'bait and switch.' "
•• "We are concerned . . . that the FCC appears ready to extend the entire array of net neutrality requirements to what is perhaps the most competitive consumer market in America: wireless services," said Jim Cicconi, an AT&T senior executive vice president.
•• Cicconi and others suggested that consumers could see prices for service rise and choices of new phones and other devices limited as companies hesitate to invest in a more regulated market.
•• Charles Golvin, principal analyst with Forrester Research, described Genachowski's proposal as "a very scary proposition" for wireless companies. Wireless companies typically have exercised great control over their networks, restricting access to generate revenue by charging for certain services available free on the Internet, such as the Skype Internet phone service.
•• The companies fear becoming just a "dumb pipe" for people to access the Internet, with no way to make money on additional services, Golvin said.
•• Wireless networks also are constrained by a limited number of airwaves and might have a greater need than conventional phone and cable companies to restrict access to some applications and users, such as those consuming huge amounts of bandwidth, he said.
•• Genachowski tried to allay some of those concerns. He said the rules would be enforced case by case. When networks are congested, for example, telecommunications companies might be allowed to limit use by "very heavy users" so other customers would still have access to the Internet.
•• Obama was a strong supporter of network neutrality during the presidential campaign, helping to draw online support.
•• The FCC's four guiding Internet principles since 2005 assure that Internet users can access any legal content, application or service and allow them to attach any device to the Internet as long as it doesn't harm the network.

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September 21, 2009 / /(210) Reporting from Washington - New rules proposed by the nation's chief communications regulator to ensure unfettered access to the Internet would level the online playing field as more people surf the Web on mobile devices, but the plan has wireless carriers in an uproar.
•• Monday's (September 21st) proposal by Federal Communications Commission Chairman Julius Genachowski would ensure that consumers would be able to get whatever content they want on the Internet and to use any service they want.
AT&T and Cable Telcos Rejects project
•• But the telecommunications and the cable companies that control both land-line and wireless access to the Internet argue that some customers who download large amounts of data, such as a continuous flow of movies, can jam their networks. Regulations that prevent the companies from restricting such bandwidth hogs, they contend, would hamper their networks, harm innovation and delay upgrades.
•• The debate centers on so-called network neutrality principles that the FCC has been using for four years to prevent telecom companies, such as AT&T Inc. and Time Warner Cable Inc., from restricting access to websites and other online services.
•• Genachowski's proposal would turn those principles into permanent rules and expand them to prevent discrimination against the type of data flowing through the networks, such as free Internet phone services or file-sharing technology for movies.
•• And for the first time, the regulations would apply to wireless carriers. Genachowski said there was no reason to continue to exempt wireless services from rules designed to preserve the Internet's traditional open access.
•• "Even though each form of Internet access has unique technical characteristics, they are all different roads to the same place," he said. "It is essential that the Internet itself remain open, however users reach it."
•• Network neutrality has become a major cause in recent years for public interest groups, Internet activists, Democratic lawmakers and online companies such as Google Inc. They worry that telecom companies will squeeze out competitors offering video and other services or charge websites fees to have their pages delivered faster to users.
•• Last year, the FCC ordered Comcast Corp. to stop blocking some customers from using the BitTorrent file-sharing technology. The FCC found that Comcast was trying to cripple video sites that competed with its on-demand service and failed to tell customers it was blocking their access. Comcast said those customers were using far too much bandwidth in sharing movies and other video, dramatically slowing the network. It is challenging the FCC's findings in court.
•• Supporters, including President Obama, have long called for a nondiscrimination rule that would force all Internet content to be treated equally, ensuring that consumers don't face limits on what they can access -- and don't pay higher prices to download it quickly.
•• Monday's proposal didn't sit well with wireless providers, which are becoming increasingly important players as smart devices such as the iPhone allow mobile access to video and other Internet content. They have been lightly regulated, and proudly point to that fact as a key reason for more competition in the fast-growing wireless arena.
•• The leading wireless trade organization warned that network neutrality rules might force mobile devices such as the iPhone and Amazon's Kindle electronic book reader to allow any developer to offer their own applications on them.
•• AT&T, the nation's largest land-line and wireless carrier, complained that changing government rules a year after wireless companies spent billions of dollars in an FCC auction to lease what they thought were unencumbered public airwaves "creates the impression of a 'bait and switch.' "
•• "We are concerned . . . that the FCC appears ready to extend the entire array of net neutrality requirements to what is perhaps the most competitive consumer market in America: wireless services," said Jim Cicconi, an AT&T senior executive vice president.
•• Cicconi and others suggested that consumers could see prices for service rise and choices of new phones and other devices limited as companies hesitate to invest in a more regulated market.
•• Charles Golvin, principal analyst with Forrester Research, described Genachowski's proposal as "a very scary proposition" for wireless companies. Wireless companies typically have exercised great control over their networks, restricting access to generate revenue by charging for certain services available free on the Internet, such as the Skype Internet phone service.
•• The companies fear becoming just a "dumb pipe" for people to access the Internet, with no way to make money on additional services, Golvin said.
•• Wireless networks also are constrained by a limited number of airwaves and might have a greater need than conventional phone and cable companies to restrict access to some applications and users, such as those consuming huge amounts of bandwidth, he said.
•• Genachowski tried to allay some of those concerns. He said the rules would be enforced case by case. When networks are congested, for example, telecommunications companies might be allowed to limit use by "very heavy users" so other customers would still have access to the Internet.
•• Restrictions also might be applied differently to wireless than to cable or fiber-optic lines. He promised that the FCC would fully analyze the implications for wireless networks as it drafts detailed rules.
•• "This is not about government regulation of the Internet," Genachowski said. "It's about fair rules of the road for companies that control access to the Internet.
•• "The rise of serious challenges to the free and open Internet puts us at a crossroads. We could see the Internet's doors shut to entrepreneurs, the spirit of innovation stifled, a full and free flow of information compromised."
•• Obama was a strong supporter of network neutrality during the presidential campaign, helping to draw online support.
•• He praised the announcement Monday by Genachowski, a former Internet executive he appointed this year to head the FCC, as an important step "to preserve an open Internet in which all Americans can participate and benefit."
•• The FCC's four guiding Internet principles since 2005 assure that Internet users can access any legal content, application or service and allow them to attach any device to the Internet as long as it doesn't harm the network.
•• In addition to strengthening those principles, Genachowski's proposal would mandate that operators clearly state their policies.
•• Telecom trade groups said they were willing to work with the FCC on updating rules but cautioned about the risks of over-regulation.
•• Genachowski's proposals would have to be approved by the FCC. The five-member commission's other two Democrats, Michael J. Copps and Mignon Clyburn, said Monday they supported the plan, guaranteeing enough votes to pass it.
•• But the FCC's two Republican commissioners, Robert M. McDowell and Meredith A. Baker, said they were worried about the proposed new rules. In a joint statement, they called it "a dramatic proposal to grow government's involvement in Internet governance and management."
•• And some Senate Republicans backed an amendment to prohibit the FCC from enacting new rules.
•• "The Internet has flourished in large part because of a lack of government interference," Sen. John Ensign (R-Nev.) said. "I see no need to change that now."

///

7/1/09
Remarks of FCC Chairman Genachowski at Broadband Event, Erie, Pennsylvania.
Word | Acrobat

6/30/09
Remarks of Chairman Julius Genachowski to the Staff of the Federal Communications Commission.
Word | Acrobat

6/30/09
Revised Sunshine Notice for Thursday, July 2, 2009 FCC Open Commission Meeting.
Public Notice: Word | Acrobat

6/29/09
FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski Announces Staff.
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6/29/09
Statement of Chairman Genachowski on Jonathan Adelstein.
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6/29/09
Statement of Commissioner Copps on the Arrival of Chairman Julius Genachowski and the Departure of Commissioner Jonathan Adelstein.
Word | Acrobat

6/29/09
Deletion of Agenda Items from July 2, 2009, Open Meeting and Revised Sunshine Notice.
Public Notice: Word | Acrobat

6/29/09
Amendment of Part 101 of the Commission's Rules to Accommodate 30 Megahertz Channels in the 6 GHz Band and Provide Conditional Authorization on Additional Channels in the 23 GHz Band.
NPRM: Word | Acrobat

6/29/09
Amendment of Service and Eligibility Rules for FM Broadcast Translator Stations.
R&O: Word | Acrobat
McDowell Statement: Word | Acrobat

6/29/09
FCC Seeks Comment on Providing Spectrum for Medical Body Area Networks.
News Release: Word | Acrobat
NPRM: Word | Acrobat
McDowell Statement: Word | Acrobat

6/29/09
FCC Adopts Procedural Rules Governing Petitions for Forbearance.
R&O: Word | Acrobat
Copps Statement: Word | Acrobat
Adelstein Statement: Word | Acrobat
McDowell Statement: Word | Acrobat

6/29/09
FCC Commences First-Come, First-Served Digital Licensing for Rural LPTV and TV Translators Beginning August 25, 2009 and for Nationwide LPTV and TV Translator Services Beginning January 25, 2010.
Public Notice: Word | Acrobat

6/29/09
Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau Extends 800 MHz Rebanding Negotiation Period for Wave 4 Licensees Along the U.S.-Mexico Border.
Public Notice: Word | Acrobat

6/26/09
Commission Vacates Enforcement Orders Relating to Time Warner Cable and Cox Cable’s Implementation of Switched Digital Video and Affirms Forfeiture Order Requiring Notice to Local Franchise Authorities.
Order on Review: Word | Acrobat
McDowell Statement: Word | Acrobat

6/26/09
Media Bureau Releases Updated Form 388 for Broadcasters That Completed Their Transition After March 31, 2009 to Report DTV Consumer Education Activities.
Public Notice: Word | Acrobat

6/25/09
Acting Chairman Copps Congratulates Julius Genachowski on His Senate Confirmation.
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6/25/09
Commissioner Adelstein Congratulates Julius Genachowski on His Senate Confirmation.
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6/25/09
Commissioner McDowell Congratulates Julius Genachowski on His Confirmation as Chairman of the FCC.
Word | Acrobat

6/25/09
Acting Chairman Copps Congratulates Robert McDowell on His Senate Confirmation.
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6/25/09
Commissioner Adelstein Congratulates Robert McDowell on his Senate Confirmation.
Word | Acrobat

6/25/09
FCC to Hold Open Commission Meeting, Thursday, July 2, 2009.
Public Notice: Word | Acrobat

6/25/09
Acting Chairman Copps Congratulates Meredith Attwell Baker and Mignon L. Clyburn on Their Nominations to the Commission.
Word | Acrobat

6/25/09
Commissioner Adelstein Praises the Nominations of Mignon L. Clyburn and Meredith Attwell Baker.
Word | Acrobat

6/25/09
Commissioner McDowell Congratulates Meredith Attwell Baker on President Obama's Intent to Nominate her to the FCC.
Word | Acrobat

6/25/09
Reply Comment Deadline for National Broadband Plan NOI Extended to July 21, 2009.
Order: Word | Acrobat

6/25/09
FCC Approves Embarq-CenturyTel Merger with Conditions.
MO&O: Word | Acrobat
Copps Statement: Word | Acrobat
Adelstein Statement: Word | Acrobat
McDowell Statement: Word | Acrobat

6/24/09
FCC Seeks Comment Regarding Possible Revision or Elimination of Rules Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, U.S.C. 610.
Public Notice: Word | Acrobat

6/24/09
Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau Postpones the 800 MHz Rebanding Financial Reconciliation "True-Up" Date from July 1, 2009, to December 31, 2009.
Order: Word | Acrobat

6/18/09
Remarks of FCC Acting Chairman Copps at the Pike & Fischer Broadband Policy Summit V.
Word | Acrobat

6/18/09
FCC to Hold Eighth Indian Telecommunications Initiative’s Regional Workshop and Roundtable Discussion Rapid City and Pine Ridge, South Dakota July 27-29, 2009.
News Release: Word | Acrobat

6/15/09
"Double Rescan" and Antenna Adjustments Can Help DTV Reception.
Consumer Alert: Word | Acrobat

6/15/09
FCC Continues DTV Outreach Across the Nation: Call Center Receives Over 900,000 Calls In Days Surrounding Transition.
News Release: Word | Acrobat

6/15/09
Granted the Petition Filed by News Corporation to Remove the Remaining Conditions Adopted in the News Corp.-Hughes Order.
MO&O: Word | Acrobat


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NANC Working Groups

The North American Numbering Council conducts most of its business through four working groups, which are listed below.

Billing & Collection Oversight

Mission Statement:  The NANC’s Billing and Collection Agent Oversight Working Group (B&C WG) is responsible for overseeing the performance of the functional requirements provided by the NANP Billing and Collection Agent (B&C Agent). The B&C WG will investigate/review the performance of B&C Agent and submit reports at each NANC meeting to fully inform NANC of the B&C Agent’s performance with respect to the functional requirements. At the request of the FCC and/or NANC, the B&C WG will identify and determine the financial impact, feasibility and/or the appropriateness of initiatives/activities that may need to be included in the budget or use these Funds. Currently, the NANP B & C Agent is Welch & Company, LLP.

Future of Numbering

Mission Statement:  The mission of the Future of Numbering (FON) working group is to explore changes to the numbering environment, including new and future technologies, the impact of market place and/or regulatory changes and innovations on telephone numbering.

Scope:  The Working Group will investigate new telephone numbering assignement approaches and future telephone number assignment requirements. The Working Group will identify trends and assess their impact upon numbering resources. The Working Group, if necessary, will analyze potential changes to numbering adminstration and use common criteria to determine the feasibility and benefit of each. The Working Group will report its findings to the NANC. The Working Group will also analyze various topics that may be given to it from time to time by the NANC and/or FCC.

Local Number Portability Administration

Mission Statement:  The Local Number Portability Administration Working Group (LNPA WG) was given the charter by the North American Numbering Council (NANC) for implementing Local Number Portability (LNP) on a national level. It is the body that makes recommendations that assist in the formation of the regulatory orders issued by the FCC pertaining to LNP. The LNPA WG is also responsible for the business functionality of the national NLP system and how Service Providers inter-operate with it.

Numbering Oversight

Mission Statement:  The Numbering Oversight Working Group (NOWG) oversees the activities and reviews the performances of the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) and the Pooling Administrator (PA). Specifically, the NOWG oversees the development of change orders, number administrator complaints, internal performance metrics, and performance improvement plans. In addition, the NOWG holds separate monthly meetings with the the NANPA and the PA and carries out any other requests or responsibilities directed to the NOWG by the NANC.



last reviewed/updated on July 01, 2009  



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/Imagespeople/MarybethPeters-Port108w.jpgPart 02h TIMELINE - NEWS from the / www.copyright.gov/title17/92appl.html
• The• Library of Congress - The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress -- and is the oldest federal • Search Other Catalogs Where applicable, the software vendor for the target Z39.50 implementation is given in parentheses after the name of the institution.
••• LIBRARY of CONGRESS / 101 Independence Ave. SE / Washington DC 20540
••• www.loc.gov /New Fee Structure Scheduled to Begin Aug. 1
••• The U.S. Copyright Office in the Library of Congress is amending its fees for copyright services. Thanks to cost-savings achieved through increased office automation, some fees will remain the same or decrease. Other fees&emdash;mostly for services requiring manual labor&emdash;will rise.
••• Marybeth Peters, the Register of Copyrights, submitted a report to Congress in March analyzing changes in costs arising from the reengineering of the Copyright Office in 2007 and the introduction last year of an electronic system for processing copyright applications. The report also considered general economic factors and the requirement in copyright law that fees be fair and equitable and support the objectives of the copyright system. The new fees are scheduled to take effect on Aug. 1, 2009. CLICK FOR MORE TRICK PONY STORY

• The Library of Congress The "Berne Convention Org."
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MarybethPeters-Press108w.jpg03h Definition of "Berne Convention Work"109OrphanBooksLibraryofC Debate stirs over whether Apple should have disclosed more about Steve Jobs' health | Main | Celebrities mourn Michael Jackson's death via Twitter - Authors Guild defends GoogleOrphanBookScansettlement
••• The WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act of 1998 deleted the definition of "Berne Convention work" from section 101.1 Pub. L. No. 105-304, 112 Stat. 2861. The definition of Berne Convention work, as deleted, is as follows:
••• A work is a "Berne Convention work" if &emdash;
••• (1) in the case of an unpublished work, one or more of the authors is a national of a nation adhering to the Berne Convention, or in the case of a published work, one or more of the authors is a national of a nation adhering to the Berne Convention on the date of first publication;
••• (2) the work was first published in a nation adhering to the Berne Convention, or was simultaneously first published in a nation adhering to the Berne convention and in a foreign nation that does not adhere to the Berne Convention;
••• (3) in the case of an audiovisual work &emdash;
••• (A) if one or more of the authors is a legal entity, that author has its headquarters in a nation adhering to the Berne Convention; or
••• (B) if one or more of the authors is an individual, that author is domiciled, or has his or her habitual residence in, a nation adhering to the Berne Convention; or
••• (4) in the case of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work that is incorporated in a building or other structure, the building or structure is located in a nation adhering to the Berne Convention; or
••• (5) in the case of an architectural work embodied in a building, such building is erected in a country adhering to the Berne Convention.
••• For purposes of paragraph (1), an author who is domiciled in or has his or her habitual residence in, a nation adhering to the Berne Convention is considered to be a national of that nation. For purposes of paragraph (2), a work is considered to have been simultaneously published in two or more nations if its dates of publication are within 30 days of one another.
Appendix L · Endnote
••• 1For the legislative history of the definition of "Berne Convention work," see endnote 2, chapter 1, supra.
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The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress -- and is the oldest federal institution in the United States. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and holds the largest number of books.[2][3] The head of the Library is the Librarian of Congress, currently James H. Billington.
•••The Library of Congress was established by Congress in 1800, and was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century. After much of the original collection had been destroyed during the War of 1812, Thomas Jefferson sold the library 6487 books, his entire personal library, in 1815[4][5]. CLICK FOR MORE STORY / CLICK FOR 2008 TVInews Trick Pony STORY

The Library of Congress was established by Congress in 1800, and was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century. After much of the original collection had been destroyed during the War of 1812, Thomas Jefferson sold the library 6487 books, his entire personal library, in 1815[4][5].

After a period of decline during the mid-19th century the Library of Congress began to grow rapidly in both size and importance after the American Civil War, culminating in the construction of a separate library building and the transference of all copyright deposit holdings to the Library. During the rapid expansion of the 20th century the Library of Congress assumed a preeminent public role, becoming a "library of last resort" and expanding its mission for the benefit of scholars and the American people.

The Library's primary mission is researching inquiries made by members of Congress through the Congressional Research Service; although it is open to the public, only legislators, Supreme Court justices and other high-ranking government officials may check out books. Through the United States Copyright Office, the Library of Congress also receives copies of every book, pamphlet, map, print, and piece of music registered in the United States. As the de facto national library, the Library of Congress promotes literacy and American literature through projects such as the American Folklife Center, American Memory, Center for the Book and Poet Laureate.

USLibraryOrphanBooks108w.jpg109OrphanBooks Library of CONGRESS Debate stirs over whether Apple should have disclosed more about Steve Jobs' health | Main | Celebrities mourn Michael Jackson's death via Twitter - Authors Guild defends GoogleOrphanBookScansettlement

June 25, 2009 Authors Guild President Roy Blount Jr. speaks out in favor of the Google books settlement. Credit:
•••The Authors Guild, which hasn't said much since last fall after it settled its lawsuit with Google over the search company's book scanning project, today issued a statement defending the settlement against recent criticism.
•••Specifically, the letter by author and Guild President Roy Blount Jr. addresses the topic of orphan books, which are works that are out-of-print and unclaimed by any copyright holders. You can read the entire letter here.
•••The concern is that Google, having digitized millions of such books, would have a monopoly on them should the settlement be approved by a federal judge later this year. That's because the settlement lets Google use orphan works without first getting approval from their authors. The Justice Department has reportedly started an inquiry into these antitrust concerns but has not said whether it has launched a formal investigation.
•••The number of orphans is tough to nail down. Some estimate it's 50% to 70% of all books published after 1923. Paul Aiken, executive director of the Guild, said that's hogwash.
•••"Our experience is that we can find upwards of 80% of rights holders once an effort is made," Aiken said in an interview.
•••In his letter, Blount argues that the number of orphan books, whatever it may be, will diminish over time as rights holders come forward to claim the money that Google will be obligated to set aside for authors for a period of five years and held in escrow by a newly created entity called the Book Rights Registry.
•••"As the registry starts sending out royalty checks, books will exit the orphanage in a rush," Blount wrote. "Nothing gets an author's attention like a royalty check. It's not an orphan-books problem that this settlement presents. It's an orphan-books solution."
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