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[001898] USES FOR STUBBLEFIELDS' E.M.F. ELECTRICAL BATTERY. Press Release, March, 1898 -- NBS Wireless Telephone™ Patent.
••• Following is a brief description of New Electrical Aparatus recently patented by us in the United States, with various practical applications enumerated.
••• Figures 1 and 2 show in outline the general appearance of our cell, which in construction is simply a solenoid of copper and iron wire, the separate elements wound close and compactly about a soft iron core. As will be seen, the negative and positive elements (copper and iron) lay close together, but are insulated from the core, and throughout the entire length.
••• Non acidulated water or merely moisture constitutes the electrolyte, when used as other types of battery, though when used as an EARTH CELL in addition to the moisture of the earth, it is subjected to some electrical action of the earth's charge not very well understood, but presently to be further described.
••• When coil or cell is placed in jar as seen in figure 2 a practically constant electro motive force of something less than one volt is the output, the cell being practically free from polarization effect common with most types of battery, (cell as shown in figure 2 may be connected up in series to obtain any required voltage.)
••• At first thought it would seem that this cell was impractical, cost of installation considered but costs of maintainance [sic] and renewals should be the points of economy to be notice, no attention being necessary, while a renewal only requires a new iron element, if nondestructible insulation is used. While the cell is long lifed it is evident that the copper element is no acted on in a preceptible degree, after repeated renewals.
EMF01 • EARTH CELL PRODUCES -- E.M.F.'s / Each EARTH CELL PRODUCES One Volt of E.M.F. (one hundred cells = 100V)
••• When coil figure 1 is placed in damp or most earth, thus placing same in electrical connection with the earth's charge, as assumed, the constancy of the E. M. F. is very much greater than of any type of the well known Daniell cell, reaching into weeks and months of continuous work night and day. This also connects up in series in the ground when coils are placed but a short distance apart, thus you may obtain from these series connected earth cells, any voltage, or so to speak, with these as electrodes, you draw from the electrical energy of the earth a constant E. M. F. of commercial value&emdash;that the electrical energy of the earth is a potent factor in the electrical action of this MAGNETIC INDUCTION CELL or so called ELECTRICAL BATTERY the inventor has no doubt, but leaves this point for discussion by the more technical mind after the evidence is more fully brought out allowing us to assume, however, that we may be within the magnetic field of some sort of a hypothesis if in reality our coil isn't influenced by the magnetic field of the earth, whether in the earth or placed in jars.
• The EARTH CELL is an ELECTRO MAGNET E.M.F. Device
••• By the contact of the inner and outer terminals of the elements of this coil, or outer and inner as desired, the coil becomes an electro magnet with its magnetic field much intensified in larger coils. Figure 1 here refered [sic] to, has a solenoidinal length of 7 1/2 inches, the couple or voltaic pair, having only a length of upward of 100 feet, yet this is of sufficient magnetic intensity to be applicable as an electromagnet for various uses, noticibly for submarine purposes as no exterior insulation would be needed. [NOTE &emdash; It should be stated here that if the cell be placed in a hot Electrolyte and maintained that the efficiency of the magnetic field, or current output is very much increased.]
• The INDUCTION COIL - is a Combination Self Generating E.M.F. RF Aparatus.
••• If the coil just described as "Electromagnet", have a solenoid or socondary [sic] wire wound about it and properly insulated from the moisture of primary coil, then on make or break of the primary current a periodic current of high E. M. F. is had after the manner of the well known induction coil&emdash;this varies of course with size of primary coil, and amount of secondary wire to be cut by lines of magnetic force. As an induction coil the economic applications should be many, as this also can be placed in the earth with proper protection provided for the secondary wire, no attention afterwards being necessary.
EMW03 • NBS Coils used with an NBS Antenna connected to several NBS Cells buried in our Teleph-on-delgreen soil/coil hotspot Wireless Telephone™, you can literally "TELEPHONE THROUGH THE GROUND" to transmit your voice message into space.
••• With coil figure 1 placed in the ground, and properly connected the perfect transmission of intelligence of sufficient volumn [sic] of sound for commercial purposes is had, using only bear wire through ground or water as line of transmission. Tests as to distance, 3,500 feet only, yet have been made, but sufficient evidence on investigation will leave no doubt as to the accomplishment any distance, as the inventor here again reasons that the electrical energy of the earth is the prime cause or factor. (In this experiment the microphone transmitter is used with a slight modification of the telephone induction coil.) This we consider a special point in favor of our earth cell, and of special commercial value as thus the dangers of lightning or the inroads of malicious persons are obviated. For Exchange work or any arrangement this presents a practical front in point of economy over the cable or conduit systems, well known, as well as in emergency cases quick equipment for subteranean or submarine telephony may be installed. Telegraphic communication with the Morse instrument is practical through the ground, for distance of a few thousand feet through the medium of this earth cell as described, but as to the limit or distance of such a system of telegraphy we are not yet prepared to state.
• OVERLAND LAND-LINE TELEPHONY AND TELEGRAPHY
••• For ordinary telegraphy this cell is specially suited. The local battery for the operation of the sounder or same for the relay is placed in the ground, thus meeting a long felt need, as all operaters know.
••• Relay bells, ordinary electric bells, hotel annunciators and various other practical applications may be made, such as continuously operated advertising novelties, etc.
• ELECTRIC LIGHTING.
••• In miniature, either arc or incandescent, may be had direct up from the ground through the medium or this earth cell.
• ORDINARY Wireless TELEPHONY.
••• For overland telephone lines one earth cell operates the transmitter nicely with slight modification of induction coil. Yet the cell placed in jars and insulated from the ground, operates the transmitter overland lines with the telephone induction coil as you see it without any modification.
• OTHER PHENOMENA
••• Of especial value in electro theraputics, [sic] or of especial value in the installation of stationary aparatus connected up from the earth, is a more recent found value of the earth cell as described in Fig. 1. This last named phenomena is not well understood by us but to be seen is certainly to be appreciated by the electro medical practitioner.
••• We have at the Stubblefield home, west of town, aparatus to show up what we claim to have of commercial value, and of scientific interest, and are open for correspondence and inspection to the electrical manufacturing people or to the criticisms of the scientific world. Respectfully, N. Stubblefield & Love, Murray Ky. Telephone Call Love Building.
• (Drawings of Fig: 1. (Patents Pending in England and Canada.) and Fig 2.

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