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122005-01 VOL49 - POW01 - tviNews Events / BUY AMAZON

TODAY'S PUZZLES / First Week of 2005
01-0105Google Enters Scholarly Search for history and Soulfind
02-0105 Payoffs and Graft Paid to Officials in Vietnam - is it OK?
03-0105 India Like China is Pursuing Oil Sources in Africa

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Feature Stories - 012005-01

010105Google Enters Scholarly Search for history and Soulfind
December 27, 2004 / With its Scholar research software, the Web giant hopes to tap into a new source of traffic -- and revenue. After raking in billions of dollars helping the masses search the Web, Google Inc. is targeting academics like Daniel Branton.
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The Harvard University biology professor has used Google for years to locate sensors and other laboratory equipment. But it wasn't very good at finding peer-reviewed research papers and other academic publications.
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That changed with the recent release of Google Scholar. The specialized search engine uncovers papers better than Google.com, Branton said, and is simpler to use than the expensive databases in Harvard's vaunted libraries.
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"I found that I could find, in a much more rapid fashion, what I was looking for by just putting in a few keywords," he said. "Even if it had a bit of advertising, I wouldn't mind."
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That's exactly what Google was hoping the professor would say. Google Scholar doesn't feature ads, but one day it just might.
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Along with rivals Yahoo Inc. and Amazon.com Inc., Google is in hot pursuit of the egghead crowd as a new source of traffic -- and revenue. They all see opportunity in scholarly information, a $12-billion business long dominated by publishers such as Reed Elsevier and Thomson Corp.
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The Web companies are aiming to snag scholars before they head to subscription services to do research. To do that, the companies have to equip their search engines to scour some of the billions of pages locked away in subscription sites, hidden corners of the Web and books.
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"The search engine market is very competitive," said Ed Pentz, executive director of CrossRef, a nonprofit organization in Lynnfield, Mass., that works to make scholarly papers available to the public. "This is the next stage, and it's prestigious, high-quality content. It expands the range of what they can offer users."
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It also gives search engine companies more pages on which to place ads. Google generates nearly $3 billion a year serving up targeted ads tied to keywords, and the Mountain View, Calif., company says it could sell even more if it could just find relevant pages to put them on.
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If it does, advertisers will probably pay extra to deliver their highly targeted messages directly to potential customers such as Branton, said Chuck Richard, a vice president with market research firm Outsell Inc.
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When the Harvard professor uses Google Scholar to find papers on his specialty, nanotube biology, companies that sell the $6,000 humidity sensors he favors might be willing to pay a pretty penny to have their ads appear on his computer screen.
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"They're not trying to get the average person," Richard said. "One of the strengths is it calls the right people to it."
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Google Scholar relies on the same index of websites as Google's mainstream search engine but ranks those websites differently.
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The regular search engine uses a system called PageRank, which turns the Internet into a huge popularity contest. When a user enters a query into Google, Web pages are ranked in large part according to the number of times they are linked to by other websites.
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That approach presents problems when it comes to specialized research, because the most relevant papers may not be the most popular. Studies that would be useful to scientists may live in obscurity on the Web, buried beneath hundreds of sites that command more links.
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So Google Scholar doesn't rely on how many websites link to a particular paper or book. Instead, it examines who wrote it, who published it and how many other scholarly works cited it. Based on those sorts of criteria, dissertations, peer-reviewed papers and other scholarly literature can float to the top of search results.
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The newest Google search engine has received mixed reviews. Branton and others complain that, unlike nearly all other scholarly databases, Google won't disclose what sources it draws from, so academics can't know what they're missing.
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It also appears to be incomplete. In an online review, Peter Jacso of the University of Hawaii at Manoa's library and information science program wrote that a search for all records from the medical research database PubMed returned only 879,000. The database actually contains 15 million records.
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"Like its popular counterpart, searching Google Scholar is easy," he wrote. "Finding the gems is difficult."
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Anurag Acharya, a former computer science professor at UC Santa Barbara who created Google Scholar, said the 1-month-old program would improve as Google got feedback from users.
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Google is working to collect more scholarly information by expanding its Google Print program to digitize some or all of the books in five research libraries, including those at Harvard. The task will take years. But when it's finished, Google says, millions of books will be available for academics -- and others -- to search.
That mirrors efforts at other big Internet companies.
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Amazon has scanned more than 200,000 books in the last year as part of its Search Inside the Book program. Last month the Seattle-based online retailer capitalized on that investment by quietly introducing Amazon.com Citations to help drive sales of scholarly texts.
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Now, when Amazon provides descriptive information about a book, it includes a list of other books that are mentioned in the text, footnotes or bibliography. If the book is cited in other texts, those are mentioned as well.
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"It's yet another way for people to find related books," said Bill Carr, Amazon's director of digital media. Carr declined to say whether sales have grown as a result.
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As for Yahoo, it's enlarging its searchable index to include more Web pages from sources such as the National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution. Among other items, the Sunnyvale, Calif., company's 9-month-old Content Acquisition Program has netted nearly 100,000 digital documents about ancient Babylon from UCLA's Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative.
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"There's no question that we are getting much wider publicity as a result of it," said Bob Englund, a professor of Assyriology and director of the cuneiform library.
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In addition, Yahoo has recalibrated its system for gauging the importance of a website to raise the visibility of academic papers and documents. Because they tend to deal with esoteric subjects, few other sites link to them -- a situation that would normally relegate an online document to obscurity. Instead, Yahoo relies on publishers like Englund to identify the keywords and other descriptors that will boost their obscure material in search results.
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Google, analysts say, has been the most aggressive in its efforts to tap into the academic market. "It's very shrewd," said John Tinker, an analyst with ThinkEquity Partners. "It keeps differentiating them from Microsoft, and it keeps them intellectually ahead of Yahoo."
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Both Google and Yahoo were founded by computer science graduate students from Stanford University. While Yahoo has evolved into an online media company -- its chief executive, Terry Semel, ran the Warner Bros. studio before going to Silicon Valley -- Google has stuck close to its roots. Its fevered courtship of engineers, scientists and mathematicians has made for a workforce attuned to the needs of the academic market.
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"This is one way we give back to the community," said Acharya, the professor-turned-Google engineer.
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The scholarly search engine could pave the way for similar services targeting other research-heavy professions, analysts say. Logical candidates include Google Doctor and Google Lawyer.
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"I see it as an opening that can be further developed," said David Garrity, an analyst with investment firm Caris & Co. "Google can certainly hold itself out as being the site where people can go to gain not only breadth but depth of information."

///

020105 Payoffs and Graft Paid to Officials in Vietnam - is it OK?
It is, if it's a political contribution for the betterment of government!

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December 27, 2004 / Corrupt officials have been embarrassing Hanoi's Communist authorities The arrests this month of Vietnamese civil servants suspected of smuggling crude oil out of the country may help solve the riddle of fuel consumption in neighboring Cambodia. Official petrol imports there, which are subject to high duties, have declined by 20% in the last decade, even as the number of passenger cars on the roads has risen by 50%.
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The arrests also signal an increasingly vigorous drive to weed out a reportedly growing number of corrupt officials, who are embarrassing Hanoi's Communist authorities with their brazen demands for bribes and highly visible, opulent lifestyles.
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Eight senior executives of Vietnam Airlines' petroleum trading subsidiary, Vinapco, were arrested on suspicion of illegally exporting oil to private traders in Cambodia.
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The executives, including Vinapco's director, chief finance officer and chief trade officer, stand accused of taking as much as $1.3 million in bribes.
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Just days later, an investigation into Vietnam's trade ministry reached its climax as Mai Van Dau, the 62-year-old deputy trade minister, was arrested on charges of "abuse of power," for allegedly selling export quotas for garment manufacturers sending textiles to the U.S.
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The "cash-for-quotas" racket has claimed four other senior trade ministry officials, including Dau's son.
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Vietnamese government officials have long used their positions and their vast discretionary powers to make money. But with the economy expanding more than 7% a year, and popular aspirations growing, the graft appears more brazen. The number of state officials seeking handouts and the sums demanded are said to be increasing.
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Officials have also been accused of using their authority to evade taxes, secure contracts for family companies and illegally sell state property, as well as engage in other forms of profiteering.
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At its highest echelons, Vietnam's Communist Party now fears that public servants' increasingly visible opulence is eroding the legitimacy and effectiveness of its authoritarian, one-party rule.
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"Since 1996, corruption has been public enemy No. 1, but the drive to uproot it has become much more vigorous in the last 12 months," said John Shrimpton, director of Dragon Capital, Vietnam's largest fund manager.
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The clean-up effort has so far exacted its heaviest toll at Petrovietnam, the state-owned oil and gas behemoth, where the general director and his deputy were dismissed in May last year for misconduct in tendering for Vietnam's first oil refinery. Authorities subsequently uncovered rampant corruption and arrested numerous Petrovietnam employees and others, including a senior construction ministry official.
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The widening anticorruption net has also ensnared powerful local officials suspected of land speculation on the island of Phu Quoc; an executive from the state-owned shipping company, Vinalines; the head of the state coffee company, Vinacafe; and the agricultural minister, who was forced to resign this year.
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Skeptics have suggested that the dismissals and arrests may stem from internal party rivalries, but many foreign observers in Vietnam are convinced they are a serious attempt to deter corrupt officials.
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"Greed is running amok, and the arrests seem designed as a signal to slow things down," said Frederick Burke, an attorney at Baker & McKenzie in Ho Chi Minh City.
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But curbing graft in Vietnam will require Communist authorities to make far-reaching changes, including reducing officials' discretionary power and increasing the transparency of government decision-making and the accountability of public officials.

///

Center Page /

TIMELINE: Top Stories To Start The Week With: 012005

030105 India Like China is Pursuing Oil Sources in Africa
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The country is stepping up a rivalry with China in seeking oil and gas in Sudan, NEW DELHI -- Pick almost any unstable part of the world and you'll find China and India competing head to head for the rights to explore for oil and gas. But though China has been pursuing overseas energy sources for years, India's emergence is recent.
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During the next few months, India's Oil & Natural Gas Corp., or ONGC, the country's biggest company, will step up its investments in Russia, Sudan, Angola, Vietnam, Myanmar, West Africa and elsewhere.
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Its expansion reflects a restless quest for national energy security that will increasingly shape India's diplomacy.
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ONGC has invested $3.5 billion in overseas exploration and development since 2000. This is still much smaller than the estimated $40 billion spent by China National Petroleum Corp.
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But it is a taste of what is growing into a titanic competition between two of the world's most rapidly growing economies.
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"Energy security is of critical importance to India," Manmohan Singh, India's prime minister, said in a recent interview. "It is second only in our scheme of things to food security."
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Unlike the situation with food, of which India is now a net exporter, the energy deficit has worsened sharply since May, when Singh became prime minister. Oil prices have eased in the last three weeks, but India imports more than two-thirds of its consumption, and its demand is expected to triple in the next two decades.
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"Whichever way you look at it, India could not possibly meet its energy needs through domestic production," said Subir Raha, chairman of ONGC. "Our only choice is to do what France did in the 1950s or China is doing now, which is to secure our energy sources overseas."
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India, with just over 1 billion people, has 16% of the world's population and just 0.4% of global oil reserves. With average economic growth projected at a minimum of 6% a year in the next two decades, plugging the energy gap is increasingly urgent.
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Much of India's small but growing overseas aid budget has been spent on African countries, where ONGC and China National Petroleum are in competition for exploration rights. Securing "equity oil" in such areas enables ONGC to import it at cost, about $8 to $10 a barrel after royalties and license fees, compared with open-market prices of $40 a barrel or more.
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But the biggest diplomatic challenge is in India's backyard -- in the temptations offered by big natural gas reserves in Iran, Myanmar and Bangladesh.
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Vijay Kelkar, a leading energy strategist in India, says New Delhi will have to look closely at building a gas pipeline from Iran that would cross neighboring Pakistan. Until recently, that option was unthinkable. But Singh's government has indicated a willingness to discuss it with Islamabad, despite the obvious insurance risks.
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"All through the worst stages of the cold war, France's pipeline from Siberia was never threatened," Kelkar said. "Energy cooperation can transcend diplomatic problems."
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Given such backing, ONGC shows no hesitation in bidding for exploration blocks in parts of the world that Western energy firms would not touch, such as Sudan, where it is investing $1.5 billion. India is also looking at a gas pipeline from Myanmar.
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"At every level of government, especially in the diplomatic corps, there is a sense of urgency and an awareness that this is a strategic priority," Raha said.
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At the same time, there is an intensified search for domestic sources, in the Bay of Bengal on India's east coast and the Bay of Cambay on its west coast. Activity is increasing in India's northern onshore basins, in an arc from the deserts of Rajasthan across the Gangetic plains to the foothills of the Himalayas.
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"India is the most exciting part of the world in our view and one of the least explored," said Bill Gammell, chief executive of Cairn Energy, an exploration company based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

///

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