The
Library of Congress is the
research library of the United
States Congress -- and is the
oldest federal institution in the
United
States.
Located in three buildings in
Washington, D.C., it is the
largest library in the world by
shelf space and holds the largest
number of
books.[2][3] The
head of the Library is the
Librarian of Congress, currently
James H.
Billington.
The
Library of Congress was
established by Congress in 1800,
and was housed in the United
States Capitol for most of the
19th century. After much of the
original collection had been
destroyed during the War of 1812,
Thomas Jefferson sold the library
6487 books, his entire personal
library, in
1815[4][5].
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STORY
The
Library of Congress was
established by Congress in 1800,
and was housed in the United
States Capitol for most of the
19th century. After much of the
original collection had been
destroyed during the War of 1812,
Thomas Jefferson sold the library
6487 books, his entire personal
library, in
1815[4][5].
After a
period of decline during the
mid-19th century the Library of
Congress began to grow rapidly in
both size and importance after
the American Civil War,
culminating in the construction
of a separate library building
and the transference of all
copyright deposit holdings to the
Library. During the rapid
expansion of the 20th century the
Library of Congress assumed a
preeminent public role, becoming
a "library of last resort" and
expanding its mission for the
benefit of scholars and the
American people.
The
Library's primary mission is
researching inquiries made by
members of Congress through the
Congressional Research Service;
although it is open to the
public, only legislators, Supreme
Court justices and other
high-ranking government officials
may check out books. Through the
United States Copyright Office,
the Library of Congress also
receives copies of every book,
pamphlet, map, print, and piece
of music registered in the United
States. As the de facto national
library, the Library of Congress
promotes literacy and American
literature through projects such
as the American Folklife Center,
American Memory, Center for the
Book and Poet
Laureate.
Part
02h
TIMELINE-NEWS from the /
www.copyright.gov/title17/92appl.html
LIBRARY of CONGRESS / 101
Independence Ave. SE / Washington
DC 20540
www.loc.gov
/New
Fee Structure Scheduled to Begin
Aug. 1
The U.S. Copyright Office in the
Library of Congress is amending
its fees for copyright services.
Thanks to cost-savings achieved
through increased office
automation, some fees will remain
the same or decrease. Other
fees&emdash;mostly for services
requiring manual
labor&emdash;will rise.
Marybeth Peters, the Register of
Copyrights, submitted a report to
Congress in March analyzing
changes in costs arising from the
reengineering of the Copyright
Office in 2007 and the
introduction last year of an
electronic system for processing
copyright applications. The
report also considered general
economic factors and the
requirement in copyright law that
fees be fair and equitable and
support the objectives of the
copyright system. The new fees
are scheduled to take effect on
Aug. 1, 2009.
The proposed fee for filing a
copyright application online,
using the new electronic
Copyright Office known as eCO,
remains $35. The report concluded
that the Copyright Office
realizes substantial savings from
eCO as a result of not having to
process a paper form, manually
enter and quality-review data,
and process a fee
payment.
Fees for other filing options,
however, will rise. The proposed
new fee for using fill-in Form CO
is $50, an increase of $5. The
new fee for paper applications is
$65, an increase of $20. The
report stated that these fees
reflect the Copyright Office's
desire to "discourage use of the
traditional paper forms, which
are the most costly to provide
and process, by imposing a fee
that reflects this greater
cost."
"More than 50 percent of
copyright claims are now being
submitted through eCO," Peters
said. "If the new fee structure
inspires another 30 to 40 percent
of filers to use eCO, the total
annual savings for filers and the
government will be tremendous,
and filers will get their
registration certificates more
quickly&emdash;the waiting time
to receive certificates is much
shorter for users of eCO than for
those who submit paper
applications."
Other advantages of electronic
filing&emdash;in addition to a
lower filing fee and the fastest
processing time&emdash;include
the ability to track the status
of claims online, to pay by
credit or debit card and to
upload certain categories of
registered works
electronically.
The Copyright Office is proposing
that corresponding fees stay the
same or be reduced for services
for which costs have remained
constant or dropped since fees
were last adjusted in July
2006. For services where
costs have gone
up&emdash;specifically those
requiring manual work by
staff&emdash;the Copyright Office
is proposing fee increases to
offset rising costs. In addition
to registrations filed on paper
applications, services affected
include document recordation and
record searches.
"The Copyright Office has
traditionally charged fees that
recover less than the full cost
of registration," Peters
explained. "It does so for two
reasons: first, to encourage
participation in the copyright
system as a way to provide the
fullest possible record of
copyrighted works for public use
and, second, to enhance the
Library of Congress collections."
Applicants for copyright
registration must submit copies
of their works. Each year, the
Copyright Office typically
forwards to the Library's
collections more than a million
deposited copies, including
books, maps, music and motion
pictures.
For a complete list of adjusted
fees, go to
www.copyright.gov/docs/fees.html.
Under copyright law, fee
adjustments proposed by the
Register of Copyrights can be
implemented 120 days after a new
schedule is submitted to Congress
unless Congress enacts a law
beforehand stating that it does
not approve the new fees.
Founded in 1800, the Library of
Congress is the nation's oldest
federal cultural institution. It
seeks to spark imagination and
creativity and to further human
understanding and wisdom by
providing access to knowledge
through its magnificent
collections, programs and
exhibitions. Many of the
Library's rich resources can be
accessed through its Web site at
www.loc.gov and via interactive
exhibitions on a new,
personalized Web site at
myLOC.gov. CLICK FOR MORE
TRICK PONY
STORYhttp://www.smart90.com/tvimagazine/2008/1808/109EffectsPTOTrickPony.htm
03h
Definition
of "Berne Convention
Work"109OrphanBooksLibraryofC
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Jackson's death via
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-
Authors
Guild defends
GoogleOrphanBookScansettlement
The WIPO Copyright and
Performances and Phonograms
Treaties Implementation Act of
1998 deleted the definition of
"Berne Convention work" from
section 101.1 Pub. L. No.
105-304, 112 Stat. 2861. The
definition of Berne Convention
work, as deleted, is as
follows:
A work is a "Berne Convention
work" if &emdash;
(1) in the case of an unpublished
work, one or more of the authors
is a national of a nation
adhering to the Berne Convention,
or in the case of a published
work, one or more of the authors
is a national of a nation
adhering to the Berne Convention
on the date of first
publication;
(2) the work was first published
in a nation adhering to the Berne
Convention, or was simultaneously
first published in a nation
adhering to the Berne convention
and in a foreign nation that does
not adhere to the Berne
Convention;
(3) in the case of an audiovisual
work &emdash;
(A) if one or more of the authors
is a legal entity, that author
has its headquarters in a nation
adhering to the Berne Convention;
or
(B) if one or more of the authors
is an individual, that author is
domiciled, or has his or her
habitual residence in, a nation
adhering to the Berne Convention;
or
(4) in the case of a pictorial,
graphic, or sculptural work that
is incorporated in a building or
other structure, the building or
structure is located in a nation
adhering to the Berne Convention;
or
(5) in the case of an
architectural work embodied in a
building, such building is
erected in a country adhering to
the Berne Convention.
For purposes of paragraph (1), an
author who is domiciled in or has
his or her habitual residence in,
a nation adhering to the Berne
Convention is considered to be a
national of that nation. For
purposes of paragraph (2), a work
is considered to have been
simultaneously published in two
or more nations if its dates of
publication are within 30 days of
one another.
Appendix L · Endnote
1For the legislative history of
the definition of "Berne
Convention work," see endnote 2,
chapter 1, supra.
Home | Contact Us | Legal Notices
| Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA) | Library of Congress
U.S. Copyright Office /
101
Independence Avenue SE
Washington,
DC 20559-6000 /
(202)
707-3000 04
June 25,
2009 Authors Guild President Roy
Blount Jr. speaks out in favor of
the Google books settlement.
Credit:
The
Authors Guild, which hasn't said
much since last fall after it
settled its lawsuit with Google
over the search company's book
scanning project, today issued a
statement defending the
settlement against recent
criticism.
Specifically,
the letter by author and Guild
President Roy Blount Jr.
addresses the topic of orphan
books, which are works that are
out-of-print and unclaimed by any
copyright holders. You can read
the entire letter here.
The
concern is that Google, having
digitized millions of such books,
would have a monopoly on them
should the settlement be approved
by a federal judge later this
year. That's because the
settlement lets Google use orphan
works without first getting
approval from their authors. The
Justice Department has reportedly
started an inquiry into these
antitrust concerns but has not
said whether it has launched a
formal investigation.
The
number of orphans is tough to
nail down. Some estimate it's 50%
to 70% of all books published
after 1923. Paul Aiken, executive
director of the Guild, said
that's hogwash.
"Our
experience is that we can find
upwards of 80% of rights holders
once an effort is made," Aiken
said in an interview.
In
his letter, Blount argues that
the number of orphan books,
whatever it may be, will diminish
over time as rights holders come
forward to claim the money that
Google will be obligated to set
aside for authors for a period of
five years and held in escrow by
a newly created entity called the
Book Rights Registry.
"As
the registry starts sending out
royalty checks, books will exit
the orphanage in a rush," Blount
wrote. "Nothing gets an author's
attention like a royalty check.
It's not an orphan-books problem
that this settlement presents.
It's an orphan-books
solution." Part
05h
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Library of Congress is the
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States
Congress.
Definition
of "Berne Convention
Work"
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