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The
Money 120
PIXELS 3 columns
By
1925, telecom rate regulation was
in
effect,
as well as the regulatory seizure
of private telecom
property
across
most of the nation, and
competition was either
discouraged or explicitly
prohibited. The regulatory
structure was finalized when
Congress created the Federal
Communications Commission in
1934.
The 1970s Breakup of the
Bell System Challenges to
AT&T's
On
March 7, 1876. Alexander Graham
Bell patented his first version
of the land-line telephone During
the course of the next 20 years,
the average number of daily calls
per 1,000 population grew
relatively slowly, from four to
37. *
06 MORE
STORY -
NBS100f
Exhibit "F" / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY /
The NBS100
Report
-- See Introduction -
Communication Act of 1996 Exhibit
"F"
In 1907, Bell rivals, controlled
51 percent of local service, by
1911, 70%. Of course by that
time, the customers of Murray,
Kentucky's NBS company, the
DeForest
RADIO TELEPHONE COMPANY, and the
assets of the CONTINENTAL
WIRELESS TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH
COMPANY.
07
The Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 made
1913, the year that ended telecom
competition by "natural" reasons
for regulatory property seizures
of existing telecom patent
rights, and its by-products.
Frequencies and spectrums. They
were confiscated by government
regulators to control rates,
environment, and service
quality. Timeline
Exhibit "D" / 1916 to 1925 - "WT
Patent Expires" /
FOR
MORE STORY -
NBS100d
Timeline "D" / 1916 to 1925 -
"The World War & Regulatory
Seizures Section
"F" "Executive Report /
"NBS100F"
/ The NBS100 Executive
Report ----Since
1908 - the U.S. government has
sold and granted licenses for the
right to use the frequencies
emitted into the atmosphere by
the wireless telephone, radio,
and television broadcaster. The
amount exceeds more than $30
Billion
Dollars. ©2005
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EXECUTIVE REPORT
Study
of FCC
Summary
Gov.
Control
Legal
Opinions
Acknowledgments
"Wireless"
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FTC STUDY - THE Red Flags
Rule
"ID
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Regulatory
Missteps
HOW
ARE TELECOM REGULATIONS
CREATED?
In enacting the Communications
Act of 1934, Congress authorized
the new agency to impose telecom
service requirements at regulated
rates. Any deviations in product
or service required government
approval. Odd as it may seem,
these regulatory structures still
partially persist even as Moore's
Law -- the predicted doubling of
data density every 18 months --
accelerates the pace of
technological
change.
But as noted by a 1988 Department
of Commerce report: "The chief
focus of the Communications Act
of 1934 was on the regulation of
telecommunications, not
necessarily its maximum
development and promotion. (T)he
drafters of the legislation saw
the talents and resources of the
industry presenting more of a
Challenge to the public interest
than an opportunity for national
progress."
9
protected
standing arose in the 1970s,
prompting the FCC to allow
limited entry into long distance
services as well as into enhanced
applications such as computer
processing. Local service,
however, remained off limits to
competition. This regulatory
disconnect continued despite
technological advances that
rendered obsolete any distinction
between local and long distance
calling.
In the mid -1970s, the U.S.
Department of Justice filed an
antitrust lawsuit against
AT&T based on complaints by
MCI and other long distance
service providers. The lawsuit
went unresolved for eight years.
In 1982, the company settled with
the government under conditions
ordained by Judge Harold H.
Greene of the Federal District
Court for the District of
Columbia.
The landmark settlement required
AT&T to divest its local
operating companies, and to
restrict its services to the long
distance market. AT&T was
allowed to keep its equipment
operations. (These were later
spun off as Lucent Technologies.)
Judge Greene retained
jurisdiction over the case for
more than a decade, effectively
elevating himself as the nation's
telecom czar. Virtually every
major business decision required
approval by both the judge and
the FCC.
A subsequent series of
mergers and acquisitions
reduced
the number of regional operating
companies from seven to four:
SBC, Verizon, BellSouth, and
Qwest. In California, Pacific
Telesis Group (Pacific Bell) was
acquired by SBC in 1997, and
Verizon acquired GTE, another
California carrier, in
2000.
Competition in long distance
service yielded dramatic consumer
benefits. As shown in Figure 1,
average revenues per minute for
interstate and international
calls originating in the United
States dropped from 62 cents per
minute in 1983 to 10 cents per
minute in 2001. In many
instances, calling across state
lines and even international
borders costs less than toll
calls within a single state.
Effect
of Competition on Long Distance
Revenues -
JUDGE
GREEN RETAINED JURISDICTION OVER
THE CASE FOR MORE THAN A DECADE,
EFFECTIVELY ELEVATING HIMSELF AS
THE NATION'S TELECOM CZAR.
VIRTUALLY EVERY MAJOR BUSINESS
DECISION REQUIRED APPROVAL BY
BOTH THE JUDGE AND THE
FCC.
Just shortly before the Bell
patent was to expire, in 1893,
the world first wireless
telephone was demonstrated in
1892, by Nathan B. Stubblefield.
His wireless telephone worked
along side his own telephone
system, connected to his own
local Murray, Kentucky Telephone
company that serviced over 38
locals in Murray, Kentucky. State
by State franchises for telephone
rights or territorial deeds were
sold in various parts of the
United States. By 1889, his
telephone system tied into the
Bell
system.
CLICK
TO SEE PATENT -
Mechanical Telephone Patent No.
378,183, February 21, 1888.
when once there
Click Full Text to refresh
page,
(See
NBS100
Timeline)
But once the Bell patents did
totally expired in 1894, with no
regulatory constraints, thousands
of competitors, including Nathan
B. Stubblefield, in Murray
Kentucky, began wiring the
nation, with their various
telephone systems and territorial
franchise agreements. The daily
calling average per 1,000 people
increased from 37 in 1895, to 391
in
1910.
In 1898 0508 - Stubblefield
patented his Transmission Coil
Patent to secure his wireless
telephone transmitter secrete,
the Induction Coil, Earth
Battery, that that could act as
an undamped Electrolytic
Oscillating Coil, and combination
Electrolytic Detector/Arial, that
could Transmit and receive voice
signals from the
atmosphere.
CLICK
TO SEE PATENT. -
United States Patent No. 600,457,
Granted May 8, 1898. Click to
Go To US Patent Office -- then
Click Full Text to refresh
page.
MORE
STORY - BRIEF
HISTORY and Timeline OF TELECOM
REGULATION and PATENT
CONSTRAINTS.
Timeline
Exhibit "A" / 1868 to 1905 - "The
Land-line to Wireless" /
FOR
MORE STORY -
NBS100a
Timeline "A" / 1876 to 1905 -
"The Land-line Telegraphy and
Telephone"
The Act cemented AT&T's
control of America's telephone
land-line network. The monopoly
put regulatory emphasis on the
who's / who, and who's doing what
to control the interconnections
that were being tied into the
future of the telecom system.
The constraints, if any on
AT&T, did not keep the
company from concentrating its
hold on major markets, and its
land-line and wireless
acquisitions, by mergers and
butouts, similar to those that
took place in 2005, during the
America's war on terror.
Thus, the Kingsbury Commitment
was wholly in keeping with the
brilliant strategy of AT&T's
President, Theodore Newton Vail.
AT&T was well-positioned to
promote its land-line telephone
and telegraph systems as a
"natural monopoly" -- to converge
itself into the world of wireless
telegraph, the wireless telephone
and Radio broadcasting. Each
home/office, "will someday have
one", said N.B. Stubblefield and
Gen. Squire.
Of course by 1913, the "wireless
telephone" name was changed to
"Radio" and the effect of the
"One Policy, One System,
Universal Service", was the rule
of the day, "Regulatory
Takeover".
Public officials, eager to
regulate the new nascent telecom
industry, embraced Vail's motto
of "One Policy, One System,
Universal Service." Congress
first vested federal regulatory
authority over telephone services
in the Interstate Commerce
Commission, under the Mann-Elkins
Act of 1910.
The
franchising of land-lines
connected to the home or office
in a municipality, were usually
initiated by states and/or the
municipality that wanted to be
first to provide the converging
changes that was taking place,
and the first to control rates
and taxable income. AT&T's
Bell System, was the leading
franchise.
Today,
each telephone subscriber is
indebted to "N. B. Stubblefield
and Gen. Squire drawings of
telephone land-lines connected to
planes, homes and ships", says
Troy Cory-Stubblefield. Intel
CEO, Craig Barrett, calls the
connection of computing,
streaming audio/video and movie
content with the telephone
company's land-lines - the
complete "Digital Home".
The theory of "natural monopoly,"
now widely questioned, presumed
that redundant telephone
infrastructure was economically
inefficient. This view was
summarized in a 1921 report from
the U.S. House of
Representatives, which concluded
that "There is nothing to be
gained by local competition in
the telephone
business."
8
Section "G" The Act of 1996 /
"NBS100G"
/ About the Act of
1996
Section "H": Frequency Sales /
"NBS100H"
/ Wireless Frequency Sales /
PayBack
Time
Section "I": Sales ?? /
NBS100h
Exhibit "I" / Wireless Frequency
Sales
/
PayBack Time
Section - Study A: /
"NBS100J"
/ PCI STUDY: CROSSED LINES:
Regulatory
Missteps
Section - Study B: /
"NBS100K"
/ NBS STUDY: Ddiaries - Follow
The
Money
Section - Study C: /
"NBS100L"
/ NBS STUDY: LookRadio - Follow
The
Money
Section - Movie Treatment: /
"The
Movie" / NBS Film Treatment: The
Movie -
Wireless
NBS100
- In the now famous lecture in
the praise of patent laws,
Abraham Lincoln spoke of the
importance of protecting and
encouraging the fire of genius,
in the discovery and production
of new and useful things.
The
realationship between the
Government, its reglatory
agencies, and its citizens, is
one that could be described as
one who acts in the capacity as a
fiduciary. And it was John Locke
who wrote, "Government has no
other end than the preservation
of property."
Before becoming president,
Lincoln's lectures always
stressed ownership, it was the
fruits of labor. He stated in
1858, "man is not the only animal
who labors; but he is the only
one who improves his
workmanship," In 1859 he praised
the patent laws for having
"secured to the inventor, for a
limited time, the exclusive use
of his invention; and thereby
added the fuel of interest to the
fire of genius, in the discovery
and production of new and useful
things."
FOR ANOTHER PAGE
----As
the keeper and repository for the
original Nathan B. Stubblefield
wireless telephone patents and
trademarks, 1898 and 1908
respectively,
YOU
HAVE ALREADY BENEFITED by the
efforts of
the Nathan
B. Stubblefield Family Fund.
(NBS100), has
been
accounting for the billions of
dollars worth of wireless
telephone frequencies, various
governments have been sellling --
since
1908.
The NBS100 team has
contributed
to the the following successful
research
projects:
----1.
NBS100
participated in the TVI
Publications of the History of
Wireless Broadcasting and the
Smart Daaf Boys,
1991.
----2.
NBS100
participated in the recent China
Xingtv, Wireless Webcast VRA
TelePlay production of the
Ddiaries, a television series
about Wireless Telephone, the
compass and the SMART DAAF
BOYS
----3.
NBS100
participated in the 1992, 1996
and 2002
demonstrations
to finalize the inclusion and
relationship of the Internet with
Stubblefield's firewire and
Wireless telephone system within
the world wide Internet
system.
We
Preserve The Moment
Yes90
tviNews / NBS100 /
NBS100
TELECOM STUDY - "F" EXECUTIVE REPORT -
Regulatory
Missteps
/ Regulatory Seizure of Telcom Property /
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dv90, vratv, xingtv, Ddiaries, Soulfind,
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