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102 / Internet
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•
CLICK
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1891
/ CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE
- Part01 •
03.
Editors Note /
Free
Use •
ThankYou
with a *NBSWiTel™©AFact
-
Denotes an Authorized NBS Wireless
Telephone™ ©
®
Fact or Event Since 1892-2008.
4.
Related Stories
/ •
1766
- 1867 /
CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE
- *
Photos
courtesy of Special Collections and Archives of the
Stubblefield Wireless Trust and Murray State
University. The Wireless Telephone and other marks
© ® and ™ by the Stubblefield Family
Fund. www.nbstubblefield.com
/
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/ www.nbs100.com
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The
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1.
Feature Story /
•
1890
-1899 /
TODAY'SPUZZLE?
THIS
WEEK'S
COVER
AMAZON
BUY - DVDS
•
Smart
Daaf
Boys
•
Troy
Cory
Show
•
CHINA
MOON
___________
Hong
Kong
Triad
/
"Jockey Club"
Follow
The
Money
SmartDaaf Boys
Back
Issues -Available - Rare
50 Years of TeleCom
History and
TimeLines
___________
Celebrity
Scene News Events,
Finance Executives
Presented by TVI
Magazine
___________
RadioPlayMusic
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On Demand VRA TelePlay
Shows and WebCast
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BUY
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DVDS
•
Smart
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Boys
• Troy
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• CHINA
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___________
Using
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People.
___________
Getting
prepared for the 100th
Year of Radio Frequencie
& "Wireless
Cemeteries"
___________
•
1890
- 1899 /
CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE -
•
CLICK
TO GO TO NEXT Page 1900 - TIMELINE
-
•
1890
- General Electric (GE) formed. By 1890
Edison organized his various businesses into the
General Electric Company. FOR MORE STORY.
•
1890 - Michael Pupin studies low pressure
vacuum-tube discharges, and invents an electrical
resonator. At his death in 1935 he held 34 patents,
most used in telephony and telegraphy.
•
1890 - Sherman Antitrust Law.
•
1890ar
- Born: Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890-1954), on
December 18, in New York City. Engineer for
Westinghouse.
(Superheterodyne).
•
1890s - By 1890, Stubblefield reportedly was using
these methods to transmit and receive
understandable human voice. He was reportedly the
first to use a loudspeaker with his telephone
(needs citation). Lochte has argued that when
Stubblefield spoke of "wireless" telephony in the
1880s he merely meant his acoustic telephone, which
could operate with non-electric cord, cat-gut or
banjo strings.
•
1890s - Stubblefield vocational trade school -
founded in 1890, called "The Nathan Stubblefield
Industrial School,"
"Teléph-on-délgreen" on the 85 acre
land that is now the campus of Murray State
University. (Lochte) MORE TIMELINE ON FAMILY AND
BIG SIX MEMBERS.
•
1890t - Working with these high voltages, Tesla
discovers the best insulation by immersion in oil.
Also at this time he discovers the workings of
fluorescent gas filled tubes, since observers said
that he had fluorescent tubes around his laboratory
worked by "wireless power", i.e. from a high
voltage cable loop around the laboratory. He even
invented an X-ray lamp taking photos of the bones
in his hand, but never claimed a patent for it.
During this period he was hosting dinner parties
and afterwards would take his guests back to his
laboratory giving demonstrations of high voltage
electricity, producing flaming discharges that
leapt across the width of his laboratory,
accompanied by the smell of sulphurous fumes. He
wowed observers and reporters with seemingly death
defying demonstrations, passing hundreds of
thousand volts at high frequency with low currents
through his body, lighting a carbon button lamp,
which he held. Very high temperatures were created
in the vacuous globe vaporizing the carbon into a
gas.
•
1890
- Congress passes the Sherman Antitrust Act,
on July 2, which
outlaws trusts and combinations in restraint of
trade and establishes fines for violators. The law
remains in effect today.
•
1891 -
PATENT: Edison
receives a patent for wireless
telegraphy.
•
1891s
01 - Both Nathan's schools, the Nathan B.
Stubblefield Industrial School and the
Teléph-on-délgreen Institute, were
built on Capt. Billy's 85 acre original
Stubblefield farmland, now the campus of Murray
State University. The University was founded by
Rainey T. Wells, one Nathan's first students. The
School was training installers. -MORE PHOTO OF
NBS COST OF INSTALLATION.
•
1891s
01- Nathan Stubblefield perfected induction aerial
coil. What made
the induction coil so sensible, was the broadcaster
didn't need the required tall 100' mast tower, and
extraneous motor (generator) system to supply the
high voltage current needed to power their
induction coils to produce the RF spark signals
emitted in space.
•
1891t - A set of experiments, on what Tesla called
"a simpler device" for the production of electric
oscillations, resulted in the device known today as
the Tesla Coil. A Tesla Coil is a transformer made
up of two parts - a primary and secondary coil, one
inside the other. When electrically charged the
interaction between the two coils produces a
voltage high enough to make the air conduct
electric currents. Getting the power high enough to
make the air an effective conductor of currents is
key to wireless transmission of radio waves. Tesla
pursued the application of his coil technology to
radio. By tuning a coil to a specific frequency he
showed that the radio signal could be greatly
magnified through resonant action. However, before
he was able to fully demonstrate sending a radio
signal 50 miles, his laboratory and equipment were
destroyed in a fire. Thus, when Marconi made his
famous 1901 Trans-Atlantic transmission, the power
portion of his system was based on Tesla's
findings. In fact, Tesla and Marconi remained in
legal battles for patent priority even after both
men died.
•
1891t
- Tesla becomes a naturalized citizen of the United
States at the age of
35,
on July 30,
1891. He
establishes his 35 South Fifth Avenue laboratory in
New York during this same year. Later, Tesla would
establish his Houston Street laboratory in New York
at 46 E. Houston Street. He lit vacuum tubes
wirelessly at both of the New York locations,
providing evidence for the potential of wireless
power transmission.
•
1891t 02 - On February 21, 1891, Tesla publishes
his article "Phenomena of alternate currents of
very high frequency" in Electrical World, Vol.
XVII, No. 8".
•
1891t 02- On February 4, 1891, Tesla applies for a
patent for the production of high frequency
currents by means of a condenser discharge.
•
1891t 04- On April 24, 1891, Tesla applies for a
patent for a high frequency transformer.
•
1891t 05- On May 20, 1891, Tesla gives his famous
lecture "Experiments with alternate currents of
very high frequency and their application to
methods of artificial illumination" before the
American Institute of Electrical Engineers.
•
1892
/ CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE
-
•
1892
- AT&T reaches its initial goal, opening a long
distance line connecting New York and Chicago. The
circuit could handle only one call at a
time.
The price was $9 for
the first five
minutes.
•
1892 - Edison had organized his various businesses
into the Edison General Electric Company. As the
consumer electricity industry expanded, it became
increasingly difficult for competitors to produce a
complete electrical installation relying solely on
their own technology. - INDEX NEW YORK VS KENTUCKY
Believe it or not, in the days of Edison, before
wireless telephony was renamed "Radio," the word
"phony" -- bothered everyone in the wireless,
especially those in the motor - electric generator
industry like Tesla, Edison and Westinghouse.
Nathan's first experiments in the EMW started with
a compass and loadstones.
•
1892
- General Electric Company
formed.
In 1892, Edison
General Electric Company and Thomson-Houston
Electric Company were combined, in a merger
arranged by financier J. P. Morgan, to form the
General Electric Company, with its headquarters in
Schenectady, New York.
•
1892 - Pneumatic automobile tire patented in
Syracuse, New York.
•
1892 07 - Just shortly before the Bell patent was
to expire, in 1893, the world's first wireless
telephone (voice) connection to landline was
demonstrated in 1892, by Nathan B. Stubblefield.
His wireless telephone worked along side his own
telephone system, connected to his own local
Murray, Kentucky Telephone company.
•
1892af - Fleming presented an important paper on
electrical transformer theory to the Institution of
Electrical Engineers in London.
•
1892d - De Forest entered special mechanical
engineering program (Sheffield School of Science)
at Yale University, 1892-1899.
•
1892r - Fessenden in 1892, at the time of
Stubblefield's first voice broadcast, he became
fascinated with the work of Tesla while working
with George Westinghouse to help set up the
lighting for the World Columbian Exposition in
Chicago. Fessenden then became professor of
electrical engineering at Purdue University, and a
year later he was named head of electrical
engineering at Western University of Pennsylvania,
the institution that was to become the modern
University of Pittsburgh.
•
1892r - Fessenden meets his future wife, Helen
in Bermuda. They had one son, Reginald Kennelly
Fessenden.
•
1892s
1111 - Born: Victoria Edison Stubblefield,
(1892-1967), on Nov. 11, in Murray, Kentucky.
Daughter of inventor, N. B. Stubblefield.
•
1892s - Died: William Victor, Stubblefield
(1865-1892), brother of N.B. Stubblefield, at age
27, in the spring of 1892.
•
1892s - Stubblefield loop antenna masts or rods
were required to be grounded. Both loop and
longwire aerials were utilized on Stubblefield's
1902 Philadelphia demonstrations. His directional
aerials consist of a simple hand operated loop
aerial connect to the telephone and his grounded
rods. SEE PHOTO ABOVE /
•
1892s 01 - NBS - First Wireless Radio Telephone
Broadcasting Demonstrations: (Voice). Stubblefield
made private demonstrations of wireless telephony
in 1892. Rainey T. Wells was one of the first
persons to hear Stubblefield's wireless voice
transmissions, in that year.
•
02
/ TimeLine
/ NBS
First Wireless Telephone™ Demonstration in
Murray, KY
•
1892s
01 - First Wireless Telephone Broadcasting
Demonstrations: (Voice) Nathan B. Stubblefield's
first public "wireless telephone" demonstrations
were given in the town square of Murray,
Kentucky.
By connecting his
telephone apparatus to his newly invented
electrolytic coil earth battery -- he transmitted
and detected continuous undamped electromagnetic
waves, at a radius of about one half mile; Using
his grounded bare wired aerial system connected to
his loop coil antenna, placed on top of his
receiver -- he was able to talk back and forth
"without wires" to others with a like telephone and
loop antenna, or broadcast voice and music to those
listening through a mono-earphone piece; Rainey T.
Wells, who later became the founder and president
of Murray State University, was one of the first
persons to hear Stubblefield's wireless voice
transmissions. Rainey became his assistant in the
1892 exhibit.
•••
The public exhibits demonstrated Nathan continued
to perfect his own after the continuous 1892-1893
demonstrations; • 1. Own Aerials; • 2.
Own Inductive Coupling To The Aerial And Ground
Circuits; • 3. Own Tuning Coils and Detectors,
to Obtain the Desired Wavelength, and; • 4.
Employed his own power source emitted from the
earth that acted both as a "hot spot" to transmit a
continuous flow of electricity to power his
transmitter signals through the atmosphere, and as
an unlimited supply of electricity that simulated a
charged-up battery, ready to be used at will. *(See
Footnote.) Ice House. *
•
1892s
01 - NBS. First permanent wireless telephone
broadcasting installation.
Teléph-on-délgreen Industrial
School,
was the first permanent wireless telephone
broadcasting installation in the world, (the
precursor to AM
Radio). The
transmitter and receivers were usually placed 200
feet apart for demonstrations. The electromagnetic
coils were also the precursor for today's
"Firewire" and battery operated implants in today's
world of broadband streaming video and
electro/heartstimulus technology.The station was
constructed in Murray, Kentucky, U.S.A. in January,
1892. The School operated in conjunction with
Stubblefield's Murray Court Square drug
store/telephone facilities.
Teléph-on-délgreen Industrial School
is now the campus of Murray State University,
founded by Rainey T. Wells. What is the Relevancy
of Stubblefield's wireless telephone to the
Internet? It is tantamount to the EMW theory that
operates today's wireless Lap Tops, Palms, PDCs,
WI-FI "HotSpots" and Bluetooth systems. They can
all be linked to a local wired telephone or cable
TV exchange using a modem or a router; Modems
connected to the telephone line, provide Digital to
Audio conversions to allow computers to connect
over the telephone network.
•
1892s 02 - The Nathan Stubblefield Telephone
Manufacturing Co., was the first permanent wired
telephone exchange switchboard installation in
Murray on February 12, 1894. The telephone service
was constructed in the town square to work in
conjunction with Stubblefield's wireless telephone
operation. His mechanical telephone (patented
1888), was enabled to transmit voice without wires
in 1892. Transmissions were created from grounded
electromagnetic wave energy connected to his
aerial, then transmitted through the atmosphere to
a companion receiver. What is the Relevancy of
Stubblefield's wireless telephone to the Internet?
(See 1892).MORE 1868 TO 1908 TIMELINE
•••
Stubblefield loop antenna masts or rods were
required to be grounded 10 years later. Both loop
and longwire aerials were utilized on
Stubblefield's 1902 Philadelphia demonstrations.
His directional aerials consist of a simple hand
operated loop aerial connect to the telephone and
his grounded rods (SEE PHOTO ABOVE), from 37 in
1895, to 391 in 1910.
•
1892t - By 1892, Tesla became aware of what Wilhelm
Röntgen later identified as effects of
X-rays.
•
1892t - May 1892, Tesla visited Belgrade, the
capital of Serbia, where he was received as a
national hero. Tesla also visits the Croation
capital Zagreb where he gives a lecture about
alternating current. Besides being a great inventor
Tesla was an outspoken Serbian patriot. He had
never hidden his patriotic feelings and was proud
of his Croatian motherland and Serbian descent.
•
1892t - On February 3, 4, and 19, 1892, Tesla
delivers a series of lectures in London, before the
Association of Electrical Engineers and the Royal
Society, and in Paris, before International
Association of Electric Engineers and the French
Society of Physicists, on the subject of
"Experiments with alternate currents of high
potential and high frequency". In these lectures,
Tesla laid the foundations for his ideas of radio
technology.
•
1892t - Receiving the news of his mother's illness,
Tesla cancels the lectures planned for March and
April in some other large European cities and, for
the second time since his coming to the States,
visits his homeland, arriving hours before his
mother's death. After her death, Tesla fell ill. He
spent two to three weeks recuperating in
Gospic´ and the village of Tomingaj near
Gracac, Croatia, the birthplace of his mother.
•
1892t -1894 - Tesla served as the vice president of
the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now
part of the IEEE).
•
1893
/ CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE
-
•
1893
- Compagnie Francaise Thomson-Houston, a sister
company to General Electric, formed in Paris. This
company would eventually become Thomson. FOR
MORE STORY. MORE TVInew STORY, MEN OF GE.
•
1893 - Grover Cleveland: U.S. Twenty-Fourth
President, 1893-1897. 22nd President,
1885-1889. (b. March 18, 1837 in Caldwell, New
Jersey, d. June 24, 1908 in his home in Princeton,
New Jersey).
•
1893 - Louise Egan becomes the first woman hired by
Dow Jones.
•
1893s 07 - Just shortly before the Bell patent was
to expire, in 1893, the world's first wireless
telephone (voice) connection to landline was
demonstrated in 1892, by Nathan B. Stubblefield.
His wireless telephone worked along side his own
telephone system, connected to his own local
Murray, Kentucky Telephone company.
•
1893
- PATENT EXPIRES: Bell Telephone patent
expires.
•
1893r -1900 - Fessenden taught electrical
engineering at Purdue and the University of
Pittsburgh.
•
1893
- The stock market crashes, setting off the
country's first great industrial
depression. Bank
closings and massive unemployment heighten social
tension.
•
1893 - The World's Columbian Exposition takes place
in Chicago. The Rockefellers attend.
•
1893t
- At the 1893 World's Fair, the World's Columbian
Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, an international
exposition was held which for the first time
devoted a building to electrical exhibits. It was a
historic event as Tesla and George Westinghouse
introduced visitors to AC power by using it to
illuminate the Exposition.
On display were
Tesla's fluorescent lights and single node bulbs.
Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating
magnetic field and induction motor by demonstrating
how to make an egg made of copper stand on end in
his demonstration of the device he constructed
known as the "Egg of Columbus." • • The
successful lighting of the Expo was then a factor
in Westinghouse winning the contract to install the
first hydroelectric power machinery at Niagara
Falls. All of the enormous motors at the power
station bore Tesla's name and patent numbers.
•
1893t - From 1893 to 1895, Tesla investigated high
frequency alternating currents. He generated AC of
one million volts using a conical Tesla coil and
investigated the skin effect in conductors,
designed tuned circuits, invented a machine for
inducing sleep, cordless gas discharge lamps, and
transmitted electromagnetic energy without wires,
effectively building the first radio
transmitter.
•
1893t - From 1893 to 1898, Tesla protects by
patents his various discoveries in the field of
high frequency currents, including a large number
of oscillators with an ingenious device for
extinguishing the sparks.
•
1893t - In St. Louis, Missouri, Tesla made a
demonstration related to radio communication.
Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania and the National Electric Light
Association, he described and demonstrated in
detail its principles. Tesla's demonstrations were
written about widely through various media
outlets.
•
1893t - On February 24 and March 1, 1893, Tesla
gives lectures in Philadelphia before the Franklin
Institute and in St. Louis before the National
Electrical Light Association: "On light and other
high frequency phenomena". In Philadelphia he
presents a more detailed plan of wireless radio
telegraphy, including antenna-earth link and
resonating electric current circuits.
•
1894
/ CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE
-
•
1894 - Dies: Heinrich Hertz, (1857-1894), on
January 1, in Bonn, Germany at the age of 37.
•
1894 - Radio waves were known as 'Hertzian Waves'
when Marconi began experimenting in 1894. A few
years earlier Heinrich Hertz had produced and
detected the waves across his laboratory. Marconi's
achievement was to produce and detect the waves
over long distances, laying the foundations for
what today we know as radio
•
1894 - Wireless telegraphy using damped high
frequency radio waves was demonstrated in 1894 by
Sir Oliver Lodge, but that system could carry voice
messages or music (see Radio article).
•
1894m - Guglielmo Marconi, the wealthy young
Italian man, just in his 20s, read an account of
Heinrich Hertz's discovery of electro-magnetic
waves, in an electric journal his mother had
pointed out.
•••
The spark hit, his vacation was cut short, and he
rushed back to his home-lab facilities, to test the
sparkling ideas that had struck him.
•
1894m
- Marconi first experiments with Hertzian
Waves.
•
1894t - In 1894, Tesla erects his first small radio
station in his laboratory and begins his
experiments in radio technology. At the same time,
he builds his first radio-controlled automata.
•
1894t
- Tesla became very close friends with Mark Twain
and they spent a lot of time together in his lab
and elsewhere.
Tesla was also friends
with Robert Underwood Johnson. He had amicable
relations with, among others, Francis Marion
Crawford, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George
Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey, but he remained bitter
towards Edison. The day after Edison died the New
York Times contained extensive coverage of Edison's
life, with the only negative opinion coming from
Tesla who was quoted as saying, "He had no hobby,
cared for no sort of amusement of any kind and
lived in utter disregard of the most elementary
rules of hygiene" and that, "His method was
inefficient in the extreme, for an immense ground
had to be covered to get anything at all unless
blind chance intervened and, at first, I was almost
a sorry witness of his doings, knowing that just a
little theory and calculation would have saved him
90 per cent of the labor. But he had a veritable
contempt for book learning and mathematical
knowledge, trusting himself entirely to his
inventor's instinct and practical American
sense."
1895
/ CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE
-
•
1895 - The daily calling average per 1,000 people
increased from 37 in 1895, to 391 in 1910.
•
1895 - Carnegie establishes the Carnegie
Institute in Pittsburgh, with the purpose of
celebrating art, science, music and literature.
•
1895s
0528 - Born: Nathan Franklin Stubblefield (1895-
1970), on May 28, in Murray, Kentucky. Son of
inventor, Nathan B.
Stubblefield.
•
1895m - Marconi succeeds in signaling dit dahs.
•
1895m
- Wireless Telegraph Demonstration: (dit dahs - no
voice) across Marconi's the family estate at
Pontecchio, Italy, - a distance of about 1.2
miles.
In the spring of 1895,
what Nathan B. Stubblefield did with wireless voice
transmission in 1892, Guglielmo Marconi did with
dots and dashes utilizing damped electromagnetic
waves emitted by his Ruhmkorff coils. (See 1897);
He discovered that his "black box" utilizing the
Ruhmkorff coil, could send controlled messages, by
touching two electrically charged wires together in
a dit dah manner - over distances far greater than
those from his villa to the garden -- distances
which would travel more than a mile. It was
Marconi's great basic invention.
•••
Like Stubblefield, Marconi built an aerial -- an
antenna which he connected to one side of the spark
gap; (Hertz had merely used a horizontal rod ending
in a plate.) The aerial was a metal cylinder atop a
pole. He connected the other side of the spark gap
to a ground (at first, a copper plate lying in the
ground). The receiver also had an aerial and
ground; The signals were too weak so Marconi
connects the oscillator to antenna and ground to
increase power. It was Marconi's great basic
invention. Like Stubblefield, he built an aerial --
an antenna which he connected to one side of the
spark gap.
•
1895t - On March 13, 1895, fire destroys Tesla's
laboratory with the radio station, the constructed
automata, his first models of induction motors and
other polyphase system devices as well as a
valuable technical archive.
•
1895s - Nathan Stubblefield. In 1895, Nathan
getting prepared to file for Patent for his
coil-soil energy Batteries. The patent would become
the premise for the exact, distinct and separate
EMW soil science. It was his theory that if he
could create several small green valleys of WiFi
hot spots within his 85 acre
Teléph-on-délgreen, each hot spot
could become a static electricity storage bin that
would produce enough undampened EMW currents to
charge his electrolytic batteries. The cause of the
EMW force could then create enough electricity to
electrify both, a land-line telephony system, as
well as his new mobile wireless telephony
system.
•
1895t - Tesla and Edison became adversaries in part
due to Edison's promotion of direct current (DC)
for electric power distribution over the more
efficient alternating current advocated by Tesla
and Westinghouse. Until Tesla invented the
induction motor, AC 's advantages for long distance
high voltage transmission were counterbalanced by
the inability to operate motors on AC. As a result
of the "War of Currents," Edison and Westinghouse
were almost bankrupt.
•
1895t - Tesla in 1895 lost everything when his
laboratory went up in smoke. Friends including Mr.
Adams, a banking associate of J.P. Morgan, helped
him set up a new laboratory in Houston Street, New
York with a grant of $40,000. It took him two years
to rebuild the radio system from his head, which he
then patented, but was unable to persuade anyone to
invest in his ideas. He staged an impressive
demonstration in Madison Square Gardens, where he
had a large tank of water on which floated a boat.
He directed its movement by remote radio control.
He even managed to get the boat to submerge still
controlling its underwater movement. He claimed he
could design a remote controlled submarine torpedo
boat, but the U.S. Navy never took him up the idea.
He was experimenting with very high voltages for
the time, and had the vision of transmitting power
through the air i.e. without wires. This tended to
give him a bad name with other engineers and the
technical press. They were uncertain of taking his
wild predictions seriously.
•
1895t - The hydro-electric station was commissioned
on April 20th 1895 with three water driven
alternators each of 5,000 HP. Although not getting
any financial reward, Tesla was acclaimed for his
inventiveness and feted at dinners given in his
honor.
02
/ TimeLine
/ NBS
Electrical Battery
•
1896s
1024 - PATENT FILED: Stubblefield's U. S. Patent
No. 600,457, Wireless Telephone Transmission Coil
Patent, Electrical
Battery,
Filed
Oct. 24, 1896, Granted March 8,
1898. /
Click
MORE STORY TO GO DIRECTLY TO U.S. Patent
Office.
MORE
STORY TO GO DIRECTLY TO U.S. Patent
Office.
•
1896
- Dow Jones Industrial Average officially launched.
At that time, it consisted of industrial stocks
only. General Electric was one of the original 12
companies listed on the newly-formed Dow Jones
Industrial Average. GE is the only one that still
remains today. MORE
STORY, MEN OF
GE.
•
1896
- Henry Ford assembles the first automobile.
•
1896 - Just as electricity is starting to replace
kerosene as an illuminant, gasoline enters the
scene, creating a rising demand for oil.
•
1896 - Dies:
Antonio Meucci, Italian inventor (1808-1896).
Inventor of
"Telectrophone."
Bell changed the name
to the "Speech Machine," when applying for his
patent. So, according to an Italian postage stamp,
it claims that Meucci not Bell - invented the
telephone. Meucci patented his invention in 1871.
(See 1871, Meucci's Telectrophone patent.)
•
1896al - Alexanderson devoted one year of technical
work at the University of Lund.
•
1896d - De Forest receives Bachelor's Degree from
Yale University.
•
1896m 01 - Marconi planned to take his apparatus to
England where he was introduced to Mr. (later Sir)
William Preece, Engineer-in-Chief of the Post
Office, and later that year was granted the world's
first patent for a system of wireless telegraphy.
He demonstrated his system successfully in London,
on Salisbury Plain and across the Bristol
Channel.
•
1896m 01 - Marconi leaves for London, England. It
is said that upon entry to the country, nervous
customs officials smash his apparatus under
suspicion that it may be part of an Italian
anarchist plot. Marconi performed his first
official experiment from the terrace of the Post
Office to the Salisbury plain. Marconi takes out
patents in England for 'wireless telegraphy'. He
was granted his first tabletop telegraph dit dah
device.
•
1896s
1026 - PATENT FILED: Electricity from Earth Patent
Filed, October 26, 1896. Nathan B. Stubblefield's
Earth Coils produced continuous electromagnetic
energy (EMF) emitted from the earth. The Patent
was issued on March 8, 1898. An array of his coils
placed around his transmitter, was the precursor to
the AM Radio tower; The transmitter and receiving
tower were usually placed 200 feet apart for
demonstrations held at Stubblefield's
Teléph-on-délgreen Industrial School
or at Murray's Court Square. The towers at the
School were 100 feet high. The small coils are also
the precursor for today's electro/heart stimulus
technology. What is the Relevancy of the earth
battery to the Internet? See
1898-1905.
•
1896s - Motor. The NBS low power - motor, induction
coil low-voltage concept was first used by
Stubblefield to demonstrate how electrical power
could be extracted from the earth to operate in his
1892 to 1886, NBS Industrial School Projects.
•
1896m
1207 - PATENT
FILED - Marconis U.S. Patent 0586193"Transmitting
Electrical Signals", (using Ruhmkorff coil and
Morse code key) Filed Dec. 7, 1896, Granted
July 13, 1897.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1896t - Nikola Tesla introduces the use of a rotary
gap for his spark transmitter.
•
1896t
- PATENT: Nikola Tesla's Synchronous and
Non-synchronous Rotary Gaps Patent. (Expires
1913).
•
1896t - Still experimenting with resonance in 1896,
he created a small earthquake. At this time Tesla
published the complete description of the
Tesla/Thomson coil in electrical journals (Elect.
Review 1896), which was described as a high
frequency, high voltage (10,000 &endash; 15,000
volts) transformer with no iron core. By 1899 Tesla
was running short of money again and a dangerous
situation was developing with such high voltages
wafting around a confined laboratory. This shook
buildings in a radius of a dozen square blocks, so
that the rumbles reached the local police station,
and a squad of policemen was dispatched to his
laboratory. They arrived there only to find that he
had smashed the offending equipment with a
sledgehammer.
•
1897 - Edison develops the first practical
incandescent lamp.
•
1897 - Joseph John Thompson discovers the existence
of the electron.
•
1897 - The "Ticker" was announced in the Feb. 26
issue of The Wall Street Journal.
•
1897 - William McKinley: Twenty-Fifth U.S.
President, 1897-1901. (b. January 29, 1843 in
Niles, Ohio, d. September 14, 1901 after being shot
in Buffalo, New York).
•
1897m
- Marconi formed The Wireless Telegraph &
Signal Company Limited (in 1900 re-named Marconi's
Wireless Telegraph Company
Limited). In the
same year he gave a demonstration to the Italian
Government at Spezia where wireless signals were
sent over a distance of twelve miles.
•
1897m - Marconi made a wireless transmission across
water on May 13, 1897 from Lavernock Point, South
Wales to Flat Holm island. He reportedly received
the first trans-Atlantic radio signal on 12
December 1901 at Signal Hill in St. John's,
Newfoundland (now in Canada) using a 400-foot
(122-metre) kite-supported antenna for
reception.
•
1897m - Marconi was awarded a patent for Radio
communications with British Patent GB12039,
"Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses
and signals and in apparatus there-for" on 2 July
1897 (sometimes recognized as the World's first
patent in radio telecommunication). In July of
1897, Marconi formed the London based Wireless
Telegraph Trading Signal Company (later renamed the
Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company).
•
1897m - The British Ministry gives Marconi money
and technicians to continue his work. Marconi
signals reached 5, 8, 15, 30 and 100 km. In July
Marconi formed the Wireless Telegraph Trading
Signal Co. LTD.
•
1897m - The Marconi Company is formed in
England.
•
1897 - Transmitting Electrical Signals by
Ruhmkorff Coil Patent
-
(Dit Dahs, No
Voice) -
Guglielmo Marconi, Electromagnetic Spark
Transmitting apparatus, was granted on
July 13, 1897,
United States Patent No.
586,193.
The apparatus
could transmit damped electromagnetic waves,
utilized a Ruhmkorff coil. (see - 1895). The
first permanent wireless telegraph installation was
constructed at The Needles on the Isle of Wight,
Great Britain, by Marconi's wireless Telegraph Co.
Ltd, in November 1897.
•
1897m
0713 - PATENT
GRANTED - Marconis U.S. Patent 0586193"Transmitting
Electrical Signals", (using Ruhmkorff coil and
Morse code key) Filed Dec. 7, 1896, Granted
July 13, 1897.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1897r
- PATENT
FILED - Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 644972 "Induction Coil for X-ray Apparatus"
Filed March 10, 1897, Granted March 6,
1900.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1897s - Nathan Stubblefield. The "NBS Coil" (patent
pending) device is the coil device that transformed
the electrical power generated by his earth battery
to spin the motor to generated his Wireless
Telephone™. The "NBS aerial" device is a
transformer that has both its primary and secondary
tuned in resonance. As it turns out, his unique
style backboned his separate and distinct
scientific method of transmitting RF voice signals
through space between land Vehicles, ship-to-shore,
moving trains, and office and residential telephone
customers, with land-line telephone pole
connections. CLICK MORE ABOUT: Loop Antenna. See
Photo.
•
1897s
1227 - Born: Oliver Alfonso Jefferson Stubblefield
(1897-1962), on December 27, in Murray, Kentucky.
Son of inventor, Nathan B. Stubblefield, and father
Troy
Cory-Stubblefield.
•
1897t - In the spring of 1897, near New York, Tesla
erects a new and bigger radio station and sends
radio signals over a distance of more than 40
km.
•
1897t
-
PATENT
- Tesla's U.S. Patent 645,576 307 System of
Transmission of Electrical Energy, Filed Sept.
2, 1897, Granted March 20,1900. -
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1897t - PATENT -
Tesla's U.S. Patent 649,621 314 Apparatus
for Transmission of Electrical Energy, Filed
Sept. 2, 1897, Granted May 15, 1900.
•
1897t -
PATENT: Tesla applies for and is granted U.S.
Patents 654 576 and 649 621 for his basic plans for
radio technology with resonating electric current
circuits, on September 2,
1897.
•
1897t - Tesla releases Westinghouse from contract,
providing Westinghouse a break from Tesla's patent
royalties. Westinghouse, buoyed up by this success
and renewed fortune, decided to put forward a
quotation for building a hydro-electric scheme for
the Niagara River. This idea had been mooted as
long ago as 1886 and a Commission had been
appointed with Lord Kelvin, described as an eminent
British engineer, as the Chairman and consultant.
Westinghouse's company did not have enough money to
build the scheme, although it had the Tesla AC
patents, so he approached Edison's company, which
was now called General Electric, an amalgamation of
Edison General Electric and Thomson Houston, who
had the capital with a well-known banker, J.P.
Morgan behind them. But they did not have the
necessary AC polyphase system, so that a deal was
brokered for the two companies to set about
designing a suitable scheme. They appointed George
Forbes, a Scottish engineer in charge of the
project.
•
1898
/ CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE
-
•
1898 - Marie Curie together with her husband,
Pierre Curie studied radioactive materials,
particularly the uranium pitchblende ore, which had
the curious property of being more radioactive than
the uranium extracted from it. By 1898 they deduced
a logical explanation: that the pitchblende
contained traces of some unknown radioactive
component which was far more radioactive than
uranium; thus on December 26th Marie Curie
announced the existence of this new substance. Over
several years of unceasing labor they refined
several tons of pitchblende, progressively
concentrating the radioactive components, and
eventually isolating the chloride salts (refining
radium chloride on April 20, 1902) and then two new
chemical elements. The first they named polonium
after Marie's native country Poland, and the other
was named radium from its intense
radioactivity.
•
1898
0404 - Spanish American War. Newspaper demands 'WAR
WITH
SPAIN.'
The Hearst, New York
Journal issued a million copy press run dedicated
to the war in Cuba. The newspaper called for the
immediate U.S. entry into war with Spain. "The war
of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its
results were many, startling, and of world-wide
meaning." --Henry Cabot Lodge 19 March.
•
1898 0420 - U.S. President William McKinley signed
the Joint Resolution for war with Spain and the
ultimatum was forwarded to Spain. Spanish Minister
to the United States Luís Polo de
Bernabé demanded his passport and, along
with the personnel of the Legation, left Washington
for Canada.
•
1898 0421 - The Spanish Government considered the
U.S. Joint Resolution of April 20 a declaration of
war. U.S. Minister in Madrid, General Steward L.
Woodford received his passport before presenting
the ultimatum by the United States.
•
1898 - Carnegie tries to gain independence for the
Philippines. Following the Spanish-American War,
the United States captures the Philippines from
Spain. The U.S. decides to pay Spain $20 million to
purchase the islands. Carnegie sees this move as
imperialist and offers the islands $20 million to
purchase their independence. Carnegie decides to
expand his business into the production of finished
products, which will compete directly with some of
J.P. Morgan's interests. Morgan believes Carnegie
has become too much of a threat to his empire and
must be bought out entirely.
•
1898 - Dow Jones co-founder Edward D. Jones retires
from the Company.
•
1898 - The Journal was enlarged to six pages.
•
1898 - The Journal's "Review & Outlook" column,
which still runs in the Journal today, appears for
the first time. It initially was written by Charles
Dow.
•
1898m
- London based Wireless Telegraph Trading Signal
Company (later renamed the Marconi Wireless
Telegraph Company), opened the World's first
"wireless" factory in Hall Street, Chelmsford,
England in 1898, employing around 50
people.
•
1898m - Marconi installs the world's first
commercial radio service on Rathlin Island off the
coast of Ireland.
•
1898m 03 - In March, 1898 Marconi flashed a message
across the English Channel. He made a wireless
transmission across the water from Ballycastle
(Northern Ireland) to Rathlin Island.
•
1898m 08 - First telegraph message is used to send
a help signal from a lighthouse boat in August.
•
1898m 09 - In September, Marconi comes to the U.S.
where he carries out a telegraph circuit for the
Navy between the coursers New York and
Massachusetts. First wireless used in journalism
for the Daily Express.
•
1898s 0308 - PATENT GRANTED: Stubblefield's U. S.
Patent No. 600,457, Wireless Telephone Transmission
Coil Patent, Electrical Battery, Filed Oct. 24,
1896, Granted March 8, 1898. PATENT WAS ISSUED TO
STUBBLEFIELD FOR the ELECTROLYTIC COIL. The Patent
was referred to as the: Electrolitic Water Battery,
the Electrolitic Oscillating Coil, the Induction
Coil, Earth Battery, Undamped Transmitting Coils,
The Stubblefield Electrolytic Detector.
Stubblefield's grounded bare wired Antenna System
was part of his system to transmit continuous voice
or telegraph signals without wires through a single
aerial tower. FOR MORE STORY
•
1898
0308 - PATENT GRANTED: Stubblefield's U. S. Patent
No. 600,457, Wireless Telephone Transmission Coil
Patent, Electrical
Battery,
Filed
Oct. 24, 1896, Granted March 8,
1898.
/
Click
MORE STORY TO GO DIRECTLY TO U.S. Patent
Office.
PATENT WAS ISSUED
TO STUBBLEFIELD FOR the ELECTROLYTIC COIL. The
Patent was referred to as the: Electrolitic Water
Battery, the Electrolitic Oscillating Coil, the
Induction Coil, Earth Battery, Undamped
Transmitting Coils, The Stubblefield Electrolytic
Detector.
Stubblefield's
grounded bare wired Antenna System was part of his
system to transmit continuous voice or telegraph
signals without wires through a single aerial
tower. The first permanent wireless telephone
broadcasting installation in the world, (the
precursor to AM Radio) -- was erected by
Stubblefield's Teleph-on-del-green Industrial
College, in January, 1892. The location is now part
of Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky,
U.S.A. The transmitter and receivers were usually
placed 200 feet apart for demonstrations. The
electromagnetic coils were also the precursor for
today's "Firewire" and battery operated implants in
today's world of broadband streaming video and
electro/heartstimulus technology.
•
1898t - In the beginning of 1898, at a sea-coast
near New York, Tesla conducts his famous experiment
controlling, by radio, the movements of a boat
model out on the sea from the distance of several
kilometers.
•
1898t
0816 -
PATENT
- Tesla's U.S. Patent 609,250 Electrical
Ignitor for Gas
Engines,
Filed Feb. 17, 1897, Granted August 16, 1998.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT.
•
1898t 0701-
PATENT - Tesla's U.S, Patent 613 809 for
his discoveries underlying radio communication is
granted on July 1,
1998.
•
1898t 1108 - PATENT
- Tesla's U.S. Patent 613,809 318
Method of and Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism
of Moving Vessels or Vehicles, Filed July 1,
1898, Granted Nov. 8, 1998.
•
1898 - Between 1898 and 1902, many
follow the Rockefeller business model; 198 trusts
are created in coal, sugar, and other
industries.
•
1899 - Carnegie organizes several of his steel
companies into Carnegie Steel. Carnegie Steel's
annual profit is $40 million.
•
1899
1110 - NBS. AMERICAN WIRELESS TELEPHONE &
TELEGRAPH CO. The First Wireless Telephone Company
Established In America. AWT& T Co. was
incorporated under the laws of the territory of
Arizona on November 10, 1899, with a capitalization
of five million dollars. Dr. Gustav P. Gehring -
Gehring Group Of Companies, was the founder.
•
1899 - Michael Pupin of Columbia University and
George Campbell of AT&T independently develop
the theory of loading coils. With loading coils,
which reduce the rate at which a traveling
telephone signal weakens, it becomes possible to
build longer telephone lines.
•
1899 0117 - U.S. claims Wake Island for use in
cable link to the Philippines. U.S. Commander
Edward Taussig, U.S.S. Bennington, landed on the
island and claimed it for the United States.
Spanish forces left Cuba.
•
1899 04 - In April the Spanish American War was
over. The Queen regent of Spain, María
Cristina, signed the Treaty of Paris, breaking the
deadlock in the Spanish Cortes; on April 11, The
Treaty of Paris was proclaimed; on June 2, Spanish
forces at Baler, Philippine Islands, surrender to
U.S.
•
1899
1230 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company
(AT&T) replaces The American Bell Telephone
Company. In a corporate reorganization, AT&T
acquires the assets of its parent, American Bell
Telephone, and becomes the parent of the Bell
System.
•
1899af - Ambrose Fleming became a consultant to
Marconi. This was to be a crucial event for Marconi
that was to shape Marconi's future. Here he saw a
discovery known as the Fleming Oscillation Valvet
being developed in front of his eyes.
•
1899af - Fleming became a consultant to the Marconi
Company in addition to his duties at UCL. At this
time wireless, as it was then known, was still in
its infancy and Marconi was continually making an
improvement in the distance that could be
achieved.
•
1899af - Fleming succeeded in sending a message
across the Atlantic. Fleming became quite absorbed
in the subject. He even designed the transmitter
that made the first transatlantic transmission. He
was also somewhat eccentric and during his
experiments with transmitters he would always use
the letter V sent in Morse (…-) as the test
letter. ••• Fleming recognized that
the major problem preventing vast improvements
being made was that of detecting the signals
themselves. In these early days the coherer was the
main form of detector and it was very insensitive.
Fleming devoted his mind to this, and in his quest
to make improvements he tried a large number of new
ideas to bring the required improvements.
•
1899d - De Forest receives Ph.D. from Yale
University.
•
1899m - At the invitation of the New York Herald,
Marconi came to America and transmitted reports on
the America Cup yacht races from a ship out of
sight of land to a shore&endash;based receiver
•
1899m - Marconi established wireless communication
between France and England across the English
Channel. He erected permanent wireless stations at
The Needles, Isle of Wight, at Bournemouth and
later at the Haven Hotel, Poole, Dorset.
•
1899m - Marconi installs wireless equipment on
three British battleships. Marconi in one of his
early commercial stations. Nathan B. Stubblefield
reportedly transmits voice messages by wireless.
Marconi sends radio messages across the English
Channel.
•
1899m 06 -
PATENT: Marconi filed for patent for his
Tuning
Equipment.
He also proved through experiments that the
curvature of the earth was not an obstacle with his
32 mile connection from England to France.
•
1899m
- PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 647,007
"Apparatus
Employed in Wireless", Filed June 13, 1899, Granted
April 10, 1900.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT.
•
1899m 1010 - PATENT
FILED - Marconi's U.S. Patent 650,109 "Apparatus
Employed in Wireless Telegraphy" Filed Oct. 10,
1899, Granted May 22,
1900.
•
1899m 1012
-
PATENT FILED -
Marconi's U.S. Patent 650,110 "Apparatus Employed
in Wireless Telegraphy" Filed Oct. 12, 1899,
Issued May 22, 1900.
•
1899m
1226 -
PATENT FILED -
Marconi's U.S. Patent 647,008, Marconi," Apparatus
Employed in Wireless Telegraphy" Filed Dec. 26,
1899 Granted April 10,
1900..
•
1899m
1226
- PATENT FILED
- Marconi's U.S. Patent 647,009 "Apparatus Employed
in Wireless Telegraphy" Filed Dec. 26, 1899,
Granted April 10,
1900.
•
1899m
- PATENT
- Marconi's U.S. Patent 624,516
"Apparatus
Employed in Wireless Telegraphy" Filed May 5, 1899,
Granted May 9, 1899.
CLI CK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1899m
- PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 627,650 "Apparatus Employed in Wireless
Telegraphy" Filed Jan. 5, 1899, Granted June 27,
1899. "
CLICK TO
VIEW
PATENT
•
1899t - In 1899, in Colorado, Tesla erects a big,
200 kw radio station and establishes wireless
telegraphy at a distance of over 1000 km. He
conducts successful experiments with wireless
transmission of larger amounts of electric power.
He achieves frequencies of up to 20 million volts
and invents a special apparatus, the "magnifying"
transmitter.
•
1899t
- PATENT - Tesla's U.S. Patent 685,955 331
"Apparatus for Utilizing Effects Transmitted" from
a Distance to a Receiving Device Through Natural
Media" Filed June 24, 1899, Granted Nov. 1,
1901.
•
1899t -
PATENT - Tesla's U.S. Patent 685,953 338
"Method of Intensifying and Utilizing Effects
Transmitted Through Natural Media" Filed June 24,
1899, Granted Nov. 5, 1901.
•
1899t - PATENT -
Tesla's U.S. Patent 685,956 353 "Apparatus for
Utilizing Effects Transmitted Through Natural
Media" Filed Aug. 1, 1899, Granted Nov. 1,
1901.
•
1899t -
PATENT - Tesla's U.S. Patent 685,954 344
"Method of Utilizing Effects Transmitted Through
Natural Media" Filed Aug. 1, 1899, Granted Nov. 5,
1901.
•
1899t - Tesla moves to Colorado Springs, Colorado
where he would have room for his high-voltage,
high-frequency experiments. A friend offered him a
piece of land at Colorado Springs to build a bigger
laboratory. He borrowed some money and set off for
Colorado, leaving his New York laboratory in the
hands of his capable and loyal assistant, George
Scherff. Upon his arrival he told reporters that he
was conducting wireless telegraphy experiments
transmitting signals from Pikes Peak to Paris.
Tesla's diary contains explanations of his
experiments concerning the ionosphere and the
ground's telluric currents via transverse waves and
longitudinal waves. At his lab, Tesla proved that
the earth was a conductor, and he produced
artificial lightning (with discharges consisting of
millions of volts, and up to 135 feet long). Tesla
also investigated atmospheric electricity,
observing lightning signals via his receivers.
Reproductions of Tesla's receivers and coherer
circuits show an unpredicted level of complexity
(e.g., distributed high-Q helical resonators, radio
frequency feedback, crude heterodyne effects, and
regeneration techniques). Tesla stated that he
observed stationary waves during this time. In the
Colorado Springs lab, he "recorded" signals of what
he believed were extraterrestrial radio signals,
though these announcements and his data were
rejected by the scientific community. He noted
measurements of repetitive signals from his
receiver which are substantially different from the
signals he had noted from storms and earth
noise.
•
1899 - The Wall Street Journal adopts a standard
five-column format.
•
•
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TO GO TO PRIOR PAGE Page 1880 - TIMELINE -
•
1890
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•
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"Nathan B.
Stubblefield, the Radio Boy" & "The SMART-DAAF
BOYS"™©1992 and
"Disappointments Are Great, Follow the Money, The
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•••
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Wireless Telephone™ is waiting for you. WiFi,
Digital RF spectrums and Satellite land-line VoIP
is here!
••• Get
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