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•
1900
- PATENT EXPIRES: Thomas A. Edison's 1883 Edison
Effect
Patent.
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1.
Feature
Story
/
•
1900
to 1904
/
•
1900 - There are now 855,900 telephones in the Bell
Telephone System.
•
1900al - Alexanderson graduated as an
electrical-mechanical engineer from the Royal
Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
•
1900m - PATENT: Guglielmo Marconi Was Issued His
Famous Patent 7777 - (Patent Expires In 1917) -
England. (Note: Stubblefield's 1898 held patented
rights For Electrolytic Ground Connections To
Antenna). The Wireless Telegraph Trading Signal Co.
Ltd. (formed in 1897), changes its name to the
Marconi Telegraph Co.
•
1900m
- PATENT
FILED - Marconi's Patent
763,772 "Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy" Filed
Nov. 10 1900, Issued June 28,
1904.
Marconi took out his famous "four seven'spatent
No. 777 for "tuned or synonic telegraphy."
The
1904 U.S. version of the 7777 patent,
U.S. patent No. 763,772, was found to be
invalid in a celebrated 1943 Supreme Court
decision.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1900m
- PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 647,007
"Apparatus
Employed in Wireless Telegraphy"
Filed
June 13, 1899 Granted
April 10, 1900.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1900m
- PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 647,008
"Apparatus
Employed in Wireless
Telegraphy",
Filed Dec. 26, 1899 Granted April 10, 1900.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1900m - PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 647,009
"Apparatus
Employed in Wireless Telegraphy"
Filed
Dec. 26, 1899, Granted April 10, 1900,
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1900m - PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 650,109 "Apparatus Employed in Wireless
Telegraphy" Filed Oct. 10, 1899, Granted May 22,
1900.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1900m - PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 650,110 "Apparatus Employed in Wireless
Telegraphy" Filed Oct. 12, 1899, Issued May 22,
1900. CLICK TO
VIEW
PATENT
•
1900r -1902 - Fessenden worked with the U.S.
Weather Bureau, on the understanding that the
Bureau could have access to any devices he invented
but that he would retain ownership. At the Weather
Bureau he invented the liquid barretter (an early
radio receiver) and attempted to work out a means
for wireless transmission of weather forecasts.
•
1900r 06 -
PATENT FILED
- Fessenden's U.S. Patent 706742 "Wireless
Signaling" (transmit-receive switch) Filed June
1900, Granted Aug. 12, 1902.
•
1900r
- PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 644972 "Induction Coil for X-ray Apparatus"
Filed March 10, 1897, Granted March 6,
1900.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1900r
-
PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 648660, "X-ray Apparatus" Granted May 1,
1900.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1900r
- PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 654390
"Induction-coil"
Granted July 24,
1900.
CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
•
1900r- Reginald Fessenden theorizes that an
alternator, as developed by Tesla, could generate
an electromagnetic wave able to carry voice and
music. He purportedly used a spark generator to
send the human voice the distance of about one
mile. No witnesses.
•
1900t - Tesla left Colorado Springs on January 7,
1900. The lab was torn down and its contents sold
to pay debts. He had run out of capital again and
returned to New York with the intention of
realising some money on his discoveries. He
patented these ideas and commenced writing articles
in many magazines. He claimed that would be able to
transmit electricity through the air to customers
providing "free electricity". Another idea was
conducting electricity through the Earth. He
proposed a "World System" of communications,
involving 12 aspects, most of which have been
realized, including a synchronous motor (AC) for
accurate time-keeping. The main financier of
General Electric, J.P. Morgan, heard of these
outrageous statements and that he was broke again.
Morgan in a surprisingly altruistic gesture agreed
to make a "no strings attached" gift of $150,000 to
get him off the ground with his World System. With
what he perceived as the complete backing of
Morgan, Tesla set out to build a large transmitting
station at Wardencliff, Long Island, 60 miles from
New York, but within a year had run out of money
again. He approached Morgan for a second time, but
JPM refused to dole out any more cash. It is
believed that Morgan considered the new project may
have undermined the thriving electricity industry,
which he controlled.
•
1900t - Tesla undertakes preparations for the
construction of the World Telegraphy radio
station.
•
1 900r - Fessenden, on December 23, 1900
transmitted his own voice over the first wireless
telephone from a site on Cobb Island in the middle
of the Potomac River near Washington, DC.
•
1900t
- Wardenclyffe
Tower.
Tesla, with
$150,000 (51% from J. Pierpont Morgan), began
planning the Wardenclyffe Tower
facility.
In June 1902, Tesla's
lab operations were moved to Wardenclyffe from
Houston Street. The tower was finally dismantled
for scrap during wartime. Newspapers of the time
labeled Wardenclyffe "Tesla's million-dollar
folly." See 1903 and 1904.
•
1900 - J.P. Morgan financed inventor and engineer
Nikola Tesla and his Wardenclyffe Tower. J.P.
Morgan invested the sum of $150,000 into the
project when Tesla actually needed $1,000,000.
•
1900 - J.P. Morgan. At the height of J.P. Morgan's
power and influence, during the early 1900s, he
controlled a hundred corporations with more than
$22 billion in assets, one of which was the first
billion-dollar corporation, U.S. Steel Company.
•
1900 - Carnegie establishes Techical schools, which
evolved into Carnegie Mellon University.
•
1900t
-
PATENT
- Tesla's U.S. Patent 645,576 307 System of
Transmission of Electrical Energy, Filed Sept.
2, 1897, Granted March 20,1900. - CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1900t
- PATENT - Tesla's U.S. Patent 11,865 Method
Of Insulating Electric Conductors, Granted Oct.
23, 1900. - CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT
•
1900t
-
PATENT FILED
- Tesla's U.S. Patent 787,412 361
"Art of Transmitting Electrical Energy Through
the Natural Mediums" Filed May 16, 1900,
Granted April 18,
1905.
•
1900t - PATENT
FILED - Tesla's U.S. Patent 723,188 367
"Method of Signaling" Filed July 16, 1900,
Granted March 17, 1903.
•
1900t -
PATENT FILED - Tesla's U.S. Patent 725,605
372 "System of Signaling" Filed July 16,
1900, Granted April 14, 1903.
•
1900 - Charles Dow elected president of Dow Jones.
(NOTE: There is no official record of who was the
first president of Dow Jones, since the Company
kept no official records before 1900.)
•
1901 - Carnegie sells out to J.P. Morgan for $480
million, a move which allows Morgan to create US
Steel, and makes Carnegie the richest man in the
world. Carnegie establishes the Carnegie Trust for
the Universities of Scotland.
•
1900 - Standard Oil maintains its peak influence.
Its dividends surge to 31 and its control of the
market is uncontested.
•
1901 - September: An anarchist assassinates
President McKinley. Vice President Theodore
Roosevelt becomes president. His vehement antitrust
rhetoric will target corporations such as Standard
Oil.
•
1901 - Theodore Roosevelt: Twenty-Sixth U.S.
President, 1901-1909. (b. October 27, 1858 in
New York, New York , d. January 6, 1919 in Oyster
Bay, New York). Married to Edith Kermit Carow
Roosevelt.
•
1901 - J.P. Morgan purchases Carnegie Steel from
Andrew Carnegie, leading to the creation of U.S.
Steel, the first billion-dollar corporation and a
landmark in business consolidation.
•
1901
0808 - NBS. Wireless Telegraph Company Of America -
August 8, 1901, New Jersey, Incorporated, $3.000.
(A Gehring
Company).
•
1901
1212 - Marconi. First Transatlantic Telegraph
Signal (Dit
Dahs)
-
Guglielmo Marconi, George Stephen Kemp and Percy
Paget. - It was near noon on December 12, 1901,
when Marconi himself heard the letter "S" being
transmitted from a 10kw station at Poldhu,
Cornwall, Great Britain to Signal Hill, St. John's,
Newfoundland, Canada. Note: Only Marconi heard the
"S"; The stations spark transmitters were powered
by a 75 kw alternator driven by a coal-fired steam
engine. The antenna was an inverted pyramid of
copper wires supported by four latticework towers
that were 210 foot high
•
1901 - Karl Ferdinand Braun introduces the use of a
crystal detector as part of a wireless
receiver.
•
1901m 1212 - First trans-atlantic Morse Code letter
"S" transmission in December, 1901. Marconi's
antenna, held aloft by a kite, responded to the
faint signal -- -di di dit - letter, "S", that was
purportedly transmitted from Poldhun Cornwall,
Wales. The "S" was supposedly heard by Marconi with
the earphone held closely to his ear.
•••
Marconi and his men heard the signal some 25 times
that day, but they made no announcements to the
curious members of the press waiting in town. For
three more days, they kept their windy vigil on
Signal Hill. Finally, when they realized they were
not likely to get any stronger signals, Marconi
called for a photographer to come up and make a
photographic record of the men who had made history
here. On December 16, 1901, the world press
headlined the scientific story of the year. Marconi
had confounded the world's leading physicists. He
proved that a message tapped out in Cornwall could
be sent forth on an electromagnetic wave, and ride
over the curving Atlantic at roughly the speed of
light, curving over the sea as the earth
curved.
•••
Scientists then didn't know why that signal curved,
but any physics teacher, any encyclopedia can now
tell you why. It's because of something called the
ionosphere.
•
1901al - Alexanderson spent a year of postgraduate
work at the Technical University (Technische
Hochschule in Berlin - Charlottenburg) Germany. It
was in Berlin that Alexanderson read "Alternating
Current Phenomena" by Dr. Charles Steinmetz, the
mathematics genius at General Electric. The book
inspired him so much that he decided to come to the
U.S. to meet Steinmetz and seek work with him at
General Electric.
•
1901m
- Marconi built a station near Wellfleet,
Massachusetts. It was first called CC (Cape Cod),
then MCC (Marconi Cape Cod)
and finally WCC when
the U.S. Government issued "W" call letters to
stations east of the Mississippi. In 1903, from
this station, Marconi sent the famous message from
the President of the U.S. to the King of the United
Kingdom. This message was sent directly from
Welfleet to England, without being relayed via the
Marconi station at Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. During
WWI, all radio stations went off the air. When the
war was over, Marconi had planned to move this
station to Chatham, mainly because the ocean had
eroded the cliff where the Welfleet station stood.
Reportedly, the U.S. Government was worried about
foreign ownership of radio stations.
•
1901m
0219 - PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 668,315
"Receiver
for Electrical
Oscillation"
Filed July 17, 1900 , Issued February 19, 1901.
CLICK TO
VIEW
PATENT
•
1901m
0611 - PATENT
- Marconi's U.S.
Patent 676,332"Apparatus for Wirless Telegraphy"
Filed Feb. 23, 1901, Issued June 11,
1901.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1901r - Reginald Fessenden's own 1901, unsuccessful
demonstration of voice transmission via spark were
doomed right from the start, because of the
inherent problems created by spark coils.
•••
Shortly after seeing the Stubblefield
demonstrations attending by General Squire, Tesla,
Bell, Westinghouse, and other industry leaders, he
developed his own electrolytic detector and other
EMW related devices that he thought would improve
on the Stubblefield RF transmitting unit. His
patents clearly avoided the term Wireless
Telephone™. It wasn't long after Fessenden
left the weather bureau that he formed his own
organization, the National Electric Signaling
Company (NESC) -- in 1906, with the backing of two
Pittsburgh financiers, Hay Walker, Jr., and Thomas
E. Given.
•
1901r
11 - PATENT FILED - Fessenden's U.S. Patent 706741,
Fessenden "Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy"
(compressed air spark gap transmitter) Filed Nov.
1901, Granted Aug. 12, 1902.
•
1901t-1905 - The construction of the World
Telegraphy radio-station on Long Island. 1901.
Publication of the prospectus "World System."
•
1901t
-
PATENT
-
Tesla's
U.S. Patent 685,012 Means for Increasing the
Intensity of Electrical Oscillation,
Filed March 1, 1900, Granted Oct. 22, 1901.
CLICK TO VIEW
PATENT.
•
1902
/ CLICK FOR NBS Study "K" TIMELINE -
•
1902 - AT&T authorizes its Engineering
Department to develop a 10,000 line machine
switching exchange. It is suggested that a study of
the Strowger system would serve as an aid to
discovering what difficulties must be overcome.
•
1902
- Dr. R. P. Crawford began operating his electric
power plant in Calloway County,
Kentucky.
•
1902 - Marconi has been the recipient of honorary
doctorates of several universities and many other
international honors and awards. He was decorated
by the Tsar of Russia with the Order of St. Anne,
the King of Italy created him Commander of the
Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus, and awarded
him the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of
Italy in 1902.
•
1902
- Marie and Pierre Curie over several years of
unceasing labor they refined several tons
of
pitchblende,
progressively
concentrating the radioactive components, and
eventually isolating the chloride salts (refining
radium chloride on April 20, 1902) and then two new
chemical elements. The first they named polonium
after Marie's native country Poland, and the other
was named radium from its intense
radioactivity.
•
1902 0719 - Philippine War officially ended on July
19, 1902 in the Philippines, with more than 4,200
U.S. soldiers, 20,000 Filipino soldiers, and
200,000 Filipino civilians dead.
•
1902 - Carnegie creates the Carnegie Institution of
Washington, a national scientific research
institution that would be a resource for all
universities.
•
1902 - Dow Jones co-founder Charles Dow dies.
•
1902al - Alexanderson emigrated to the U.S. and
spent much of his life working for the General
Electric company.
•
1902d
- The De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company is
formed,
but like other
firms De Forest would start, it failed because of
poor business practices.
•
1902m - Marconi continued to use longwaves (lower
frequencies). However there is little doubt that by
February 1902, Marconi's apparatus was reliably
receiving complete messages at 2500 km (1550 miles)
at night and 1100 km (700 miles) by day, and
usually picked up a special test signal at 3400 km
(2100 miles), the distance of Poldhu to
Newfoundland. By 1903, the Marconi Company was
carrying regular transatlantic news
transmissions.
•
1902m
- The magnetic detector is invented by Marconi.
•
1902m 12 - Marconi builds a radio station at Glace
Bay, N.S., Canada. It is during the trip that he
discovers the harmful influence of solar radiation
on transmission. Thus the creation of the Magnetic
Detector. The station at Glace was set up as the
transmitting station, while the station in Europe
at Poldhu was the receiving station. They would use
the cable line as a means to verify communications
between the two stations. On December 15th, the
first official messages came through from Table
Head to Poldhu saying, "we have received some
signals."
•
1902r - After a squabble over patent rights
Fessenden resigned from the United States Weather
Bureau.
•
1902r - Fessenden first read in the newspapers
about the Stubblefield Wireless Telephone™
public demonstrations that were going to be taking
place in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.
•
1902r
- Reginald Fessenden utilizes Stubblefield's
'Electrolytic Detector.'
•
1902r- Fessenden forms the National Electric
Signaling Company.
•
1902s
- Nathan B. Stubblefield, was now the chairman of
his own NBS Enterprise Holding
Company,
who loved the
spotlight. By 1902, his company has been acquiring
various partners, several of them in telegraphy
industry.
•
1902r
-
PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S. Patent 706740 "Wireless
Signaling" (heterodyne principle) Filed Sept. 20,
1901, Granted August 12,
1902.
CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
•
1902r
- PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 706741 "Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy"
(compressed air spark gap transmitter) Filed Nov.
1901, Granted Aug. 12, 1902.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1902r
- PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 706742 "Wireless Signaling"(transmit-receive
switch), Filed June 1900, Granted Aug. 12,
1902.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1902r
- PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 706744 "Current Actuated Wave Responsive
Device" ("barretter" detector) Granted Filed July
1, 1902, Granted August 12, 1902.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1902r
- PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 706745 "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves"
Filed July 1, 1902, Granted August 12, 1902.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1902r
- PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 706746 "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves"
(ground plane) Granted August 12,
1902.
CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
•
1902r
- PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 706747 "Apparatus for Signaling by
Electromagnetic Waves" (voice modulation of 50 kHz
alternator -- continuous wave transmitter) Granted
August 12, 1902. CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1902r
-
PATENT
- Fessenden's U.S.
Patent 715203 "Selective Signaling by
Electromagnetic Waves" (multiplex transmission and
reception) Granted Dec. 2,
1902.
CLICK
TO VIEW PATENT
•
1902s 01 - Public Radio Demonstration January 1,
Townsquare in Murray.
•
1902s 01 - Stubblefield claims the leader of
wireless telephone broadcast (Voice) after the
second of four public wireless telephone
demonstrations held in the U.S. The demonstration
was held on January 1, 1902, -- 21 days after the
Marconi "S" was transmitted, Stubblefield's first
public wireless telephone demonstrations was in
1892 (see - 1892). The St. Louis Post Dispatch on
Sunday, January 12, 1902 headlined the Stubblefield
event as: "Kentucky Farmer Invents Wireless
Telephone." The broadcast took place in the town
square of Murray, Kentucky, utilizing
Stubblefield's electrolytic grounded and groundless
antenna system.The wireless telephone transmitter
and receivers were placed 200 feet apart within a
radius of about a mile and one half listening to
the same voice broadcast. - See N.B. Stubblefield
and his Industrial College FOR MORE STORY.
•
1902s
0101 - The Stubblefield public demonstrations of
voice and music transmission was connected to five
receiving locations on the courthouse square in
Murray January 1, 1902, witnessed by at least 1,000
persons, apparently using voice frequency
transmission through earth conduction, to a radius
of one-half mile.
•••
The transmitters were also connected directly to
the local wired telephone exchange; The station's
transmitters were powered by an array of dry cell
batteries. Two types of antennas were used. A loop
antenna connected to a copper wire supported by two
small towers that were 25 foot high; What is the
Relevancy of Stubblefield's wireless telephone to
the Internet? In this exhibit, one of the
transmitters was connected directly to the local
telephone company's switch board for mass
party-line broadcasting, tantamount to the EMW
theory that operates today's wireless Wi-Fi
"HotSpots" and Bluetooth systems. *(See Footnotes.)
* See Bluetooth and See SBC press.
•
1902s
0101 - TRUMBULL WHITE ARTICLE about Stubblefield.
Marconi's name was linked with that of Stubblefield
by Trumbull White in 1902 in a copyrighted book
"The World's
Progress."
In this same book
(a copy is on file in the Library of Congress) is
an article on "Telephoning Without Wires. " On page
297, Trumbull White wrote: "Of very recent success
are the experiments of Marconi with wireless
telegraphy, an astounding and important advance
over the ordinary system of telegraphy through
wires."Now comes the announcement that an American
inventor (Stubblefield), unheralded and modest has
carried out successful experiments of telephoning
and is able to transmit speech without wires.
•••
• 1902
