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Reginald Fessenden (1871-1932)
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Reginald Fessenden
(1871-1932)

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REGINALD AUBREY FESSENDEN
(1871-1932)
(The weatherman)
AC Generator Broadcast - 1906

••• REGINALD AUBREY FESSENDEN WAS BORN in the small township of Milton, Quebec, Canada, on March 11, 1871. He died in, Hamilton, Bermuda on July 22, 1932, four years after settling a law suit against his former bosses, GE and RCA for $2.5-milliion. CLICK FOR STORY.
••• If you were in search for a man that could find a way to fill in the gap between transmitting voice with sparks developed by Tesla's RF electric generator, without infringing on the simple grounded EMW Wireless Telephone™ -- RF loop antenna system, developed by Stubblefield, Reginald would be your man. He patented over 500 innovations he picked up from working for others, including the early day spark-gap transmitter design allowing high levels of radio-frequency power output?.
••• It all started when Fessenden, a Canadian citizen came to the United States in 1886, in search for a better signal detector. His first job was with another former Canadian, Thomas Edison.
••• Reginald was intrigued with the possibilities of wireless telephone communication. He taught electrical engineering at Purdue and the University of Pittsburgh from 1893 to 1900, then worked with the U.S. Weather Bureau until 1902.
••• It was there, when he first read in the newspapers about the Stubblefield Wireless Telephone™ public demonstrations that were going to be taking place in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.
••• Reginald's own 1901, unsuccessful demonstration of voice transmission via spark were doomed right from the start, because of the inherent problems created by spark coils.
••• Shortly after seeing the Stubblefield demonstrations attending by General Squire, Tesla, Bell, Westinghouse, and other industry leaders, he developed his own electrolytic detector and other EMW related devices that he thought would improve on the Stubblefield RF transmitting unit. His patents clearly avoided the term Wireless Telephone™. It wasn't long after Fessenden left the weather bureau that he formed his own organization, the National Electric Signaling Company (NESC) &endash; in 1906, with the backing of two Pittsburgh financiers, Hay Walker, Jr., and Thomas E. Given.
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1. Feature (Excerpt from) "The SMART DAAF BOYS"™
• • Continued from above - Fessenden directed the business activities of the National Electric Signaling Company from the Brant Rock, Massachusetts Dit Dah transmitter facilities. He focused his technical knowledge and efforts on perfecting the Alexanderson, General Electric, Tesla inspired 60 cycle AC spark generator to transmit both Dit Dahs and voice. The station first gained fame by establishing communications with Machrihanish in Scotland. On December 24, 1906, at 9 P.M. eastern standard time, Reginald Fessenden, with Alexanderson in attendance, prepared and performed their first speech and phonograph music program from the Brant Rock station.
-- The Christmas Eve Broadcast occurred the same year Tesla's Westinghouse patent for his 60-cycle electrical AC generator expired. The private broadcast demonstration was reported to have been received by ships at sea, with look-a-like GE -- Fessenden receivers, up and down the coast, inland some distance in New York State and Maryland -- and as far away as 100 miles.
-- It should be noted here, that two months after the Reginald broadcast event, the word "Radio" popped up. On February 28, 1907, the DeForest Radio Telephone Company was the first to use the new word, "Radio" to describe the Wireless Telephony. The first permanent wireless telephone RF broadcasting installation was constructed in Murray, Kentucky, by Stubblefield's Teleph-on-del-green Industrial College, on the campus where Murray State University is now located.
-- It was also on April 5, 1907, that Stubblefield filed his Wireless Telephone Patent Application, Serial No. 366,544 -Room 109. The patent application was granted in conjunction with the expiration of Edison's Antenna patent. Reginald's company, National Electric Signaling Company (NESC), went bankrupt in 1912.
-- Did the demonstration set priorities for Radio transmissions?
-- Apparently not, because Stubblefield was granted the all-in-one U.S. Patent for voice-music broadcasting in 1908, based on his 1898, electrolytic grounded EMW transmitting batteries, and his public Wireless Telephone™ demonstrations that commenced in 1892, in Murray, Kentucky.
• School Days, Edison, Tesla and the Telegraphy Spark gap
••• When Reginald Fessenden was a child, he moved with his family to Ontario, where, from an early age, like Marconi, he become fascinated with the idea of wireless telegraphy as a child when he saw Alexander Graham Bell demonstrate his telephone over a distance of several miles near Bell's home in Ontario. After training as an electrician, Fessenden began research that subsequently took him to the United States, where he worked with Thomas Edison as a chemist developing insulation for electrical wires.
••• In 1892, at the time of Stubblefield's first voice broadcast, he became fasinated with the work of Tesla while working with George Westinghouse to help set up the lighting for the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Fessenden then became professor of electrical engineering at Purdue University, and a year later he was named head of electrical engineering at Western University of Pennsylvania, the institution that was to become the modern University of Pittsburgh.  

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02 / TimeLine. Reginald Aubrey Fessenden The Weather Man - and his Radio program of 1906
• 1871 - Reginald Aubrey Fessenden was born in the small township of Milton, Quebec, Canada, on March 11, 1871.
••• When Reginald was a child, he moved with his family to Ontario, where, from an early age, like Marconi, he become fascinated with the idea of wireless telegraphy as a child when he saw Alexander Graham Bell demonstrate his telephone over a distance of several miles near Bell's home in Ontario. After training as an electrician, Fessenden began research that subsequently took him to the United States, where he worked with Thomas Edison as a chemist developing insulation for electrical wires.
• 1885 - Fessenden at 14 he was granted a mathematics mastership to Bishop's College in Lennoxville, Quebec.
• 1886 -
Reginald Fessenden, a Canadian citizen came to the United States in 1886, in search for a better signal detector. His first job was with another former Canadian, Thomas Edison.

••• Reginald was intrigued with the possibilities of wireless telephone communication. He taught electrical engineering at Purdue and the University of Pittsburgh from 1893 to 1900, then worked with the U.S. Weather Bureau until 1902.
• 1892 - Fessenden meets his future wife, Helen in Bermuda.
They had one son, Reginald Kennelly Fessenden.
• 1892 -
In 1892, at the time of Stubblefield's first voice broadcast, he became fascinated with the work of Tesla while working with George Westinghouse to help set up the lighting for the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Fessenden then became professor of electrical engineering at Purdue University, and a year later he was named head of electrical engineering at Western University of Pennsylvania, the institution that was to become the modern University of Pittsburgh.
t• 1893-1900 - Fessenden taught electrical engineering at Purdue and the University of Pittsburgh.
• 1900-1902 - Fessenden worked with the U.S. Weather Bureau, on the understanding that the Bureau could have access to any devices he invented but that he would retain ownership. At the Weather Bureau he invented the liquid barretter (an early radio receiver) and attempted to work out a means for wireless transmission of weather forecasts.

• 1900 - On December 23, 1900 he transmitted his own voice over the first wireless telephone from a site on Cobb Island in the middle of the Potomac River near Washington, DC.
• 1900 - U.S. Patent 644972, Fessenden "Induction Coil for X-ray Apparatus" Filed March 10, 1897, Granted March 6, 1900. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1900 - U.S. Patent 648660, Fessenden "X-ray Apparatus" Granted May 1, 1900. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
0
• 1900 - U.S. Patent 654390, Fessenden "Induction-coil" Granted July 24, 1900. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1901 - Reginald Fessenden's own 1901, unsuccessful demonstration of voice transmission via spark were doomed right from the start, because of the inherent problems created by spark coils.
••• Shortly after seeing the Stubblefield demonstrations attending by General Squire, Tesla, Bell, Westinghouse, and other industry leaders, he developed his own electrolytic detector and other EMW related devices that he thought would improve on the Stubblefield RF transmitting unit. His patents clearly avoided the term Wireless Telephone™. It wasn't long after Fessenden left the weather bureau that he formed his own organization, the National Electric Signaling Company (NESC) -- in 1906, with the backing of two Pittsburgh financiers, Hay Walker, Jr., and Thomas E. Given.
• 1902 - It was there, when Fessenden first read in the newspapers about the Stubblefield Wireless Telephone™ public demonstrations that were going to be taking place in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.

• 1902 - after a squabble over patent rights Fessenden resigned from the United States Weather Bureau.
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706740, Fessenden "Wireless Signaling" (heterodyne principle) Filed Sept. 20, 1901, Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706741, Fessenden "Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy" (compressed air spark gap transmitter) Filed Nov. 1901, Granted Aug. 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706742, Fessenden "Wireless Signaling", (transmit-receive switch) Filed June 1900, Granted Aug. 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706744, Fessenden "Current Actuated Wave Responsive Device" ("barretter" detector) Granted Filed July 1, 1902, Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706745, Fessenden "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" Filed July 1, 1902, Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706746, Fessenden "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" (ground plane) Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706747, Fessenden "Apparatus for Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" (voice modulation of 50 kHz alternator -- continuous wave transmitter) Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 715203, Fessenden "Selective Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" (multiplex transmission and reception) Granted Dec. 2, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 -
Fessenden developed a new receiving mechanism -- the electrolytic detector and another less successful called a barretter detector. As his work progressed Fessenden evolved the heterodyne system. However, due to faulty construction and the fact that it was ahead of its time, heterodyne reception was not fully appreciated until the oscillating triode was devised, thus allowing a practical means of generating the local frequency. Between 1905 and 1913 Fessenden developed a completely self-sustaining wireless system.
• 1903 - In 1903 Fessenden's first high-frequency Tesla type of alternator for continuous wave transmission, was built to his specifications by General Electric, E. F. W. Alexanderson, one of the Smart Daaf Boys. The Alexanderson alternator, which produced such alternating currents, was done at General Electric, (Charles Proteus Steinmetz, was CEO of GE at the time). Fessenden sent a voice message to an assistant 50 miles away, and another voice sound was heard at his experimental towers in Scotland. In 1904 he was hired to help engineer the Niagara Falls power plant for the newly formed Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario.
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727327, Fessenden "Receiver for Electromagnetic Waves" Filed Sept. 27, 1902, Granted May, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727328, Fessenden "Receiver for Signaling" Filed Dec. 20, 1902, Issued May 5, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727329, Fessenden "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" Filed March 14, 1902, Granted May, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727330, Fessenden "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" Filed March 21, 1903, Issued May 5, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727331, Fessenden "Receiver for Electromagnetic Waves" (improved "barretter") Filed April 1, 1903, Granted May 5, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent RE12115, Fessenden "Receiver for Electromagnetic Waves" -- duplicate of 727331 May 5, 1903, reissued May 26, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1905-1913 - Fessenden developed a completely self-sustaining wireless system.
• 1906- Fessenden directed the business activities of the National Electric Signaling Company from the Brant Rock, Massachusetts Dit Dah transmitter facilities. He focused his technical knowledge and efforts on perfecting the Alexanderson, General Electric, Tesla inspired 60 cycle AC spark generator to transmit both Dit Dahs and voice. The station first gained fame by establishing communications with Machrihanish in Scotland.
• 1906-
On December 24, 1906, at 9 P.M. eastern standard time, Reginald Fessenden, with an upgraded Alexanderson alternator and with Alexanderson in attendance, prepared and performed their first speech and phonograph music program from the Brant Rock station.
-- The Christmas Eve Broadcast occurred the same year Tesla's Westinghouse patent for his 60-cycle electrical AC generator expired. The private broadcast demonstration was reported to have been received by ships at sea, with look-a-like GE -- Fessenden receivers, up and down the coast, inland some distance in New York State and Maryland -- and as far away as 100 miles.
••• Ships at sea with a same like receiver, were said to hear the broadcast that included Fessenden playing the song O Holy Night on the violin and reading a passage from the Bible.
••• Of course, this feat was four years after Smart Daaf Boy Marconi's Dit Dah Morse Code signal "S" was heard by Marconi from England to Newfoundland in 1901, and Stubblefield ship to shore two-way wireless telephone broadcast in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C., in 1902. Fessenden attended the event.
• 1907- Two months after the Fessenden broadcast event, the word "Radio" popped up
. On February 28, 1907, the DeForest Radio Telephone Company was the first to use the new word, "Radio" to describe the Wireless Telephony. The first permanent wireless telephone RF broadcasting installation was constructed in Murray, Kentucky, by Stubblefield's Teleph-on-del-green Industrial College, on the campus where Murray State University is now located.
• 1907-
On April 5, 1907, Stubblefield filed his Wireless Telephone Patent Application, Serial No. 366,544 -Room 109. The patent application was granted in conjunction with the expiration of Edison's Antenna patent.
• 1910 - U.S. Patent 948068, Fessenden "Wireless Telegraphy" (antenna tuning) Granted February 1, 1910.
• 1910 - U.S. Patent 974762, Fessenden "Improvements in Wireless Telegraphy" Granted November 1, 1910.
• 1911 -
LAWSUITS commence
• 1911 - Hay Walker, Jr., and Thomas H. Given dismissed Fessenden from NESCO in January of 1911. Fessenden brought suit, won, and was awarded damages. To conserve assets pending appeal, NESCO went into receivership in 1912, and Samuel Kintner was appointed general manager of the company.
••• Further work on Fessenden's alternator was given to Ernst F. W. Alexanderson. It took years for Alexanderson to develop an alternator capable of transmitting regular voice transmissions over the Atlantic, but by 1916 the Fessenden-Alexanderson alternator was more reliable for transatlantic communication than the spark apparatus.
• 1912 - Bankruptcy. Reginald Fessenden's company, National Electric Signaling Company (NESC), went bankrupt.
• 1912 -
Monetary award - Fessenden in 1912 was awarded $406,175 in the United States District Court at Boston in a suit against the National Electric Signalling Company.
The award was not only the largest ever given up to that time in Massachusetts, but was notable in bringing out the history of the Boston inventor's pioneer work in wireless telegraph and telephony
• 1913 - U.S. Patent 1059665, Fessenden "Wireless Telegraphy" (antenna tuning) Granted April 22, 1913.

• 1914 - At the outbreak of World War I, Fessenden volunteered his services to Canada, went to London, and developed a device to detect enemy artillery and another to locate enemy submarines. But the military bureaucracy was not interested in pursuing many of his ideas.
• 1914 - U.S. Patent 1108895, Fessenden "Signaling by Sound and Other Longitudinal Elastic Impulses" Granted Sept. 1, 1914.
• 1915 - Fessenden departed England and returned to Boston and perfected his ocean depth device
which he called the fathometer, a sonar device used to determine the depth of water for a submerged object by means of sound waves. This invention gave him enough financial security to live comfortably and spend summers visiting friends and relatives in Canada.
Fessenden won the Scientific American's Gold Medal for his fathometer in 1929.
• 1915 - U.S. Patent 1147010, Fessenden "Improvements in Wireless Telegraphy" Granted July 20, 1915.
• 1926 - U.S. Patent 1576735, Fessenden "Infusor" (for making tea) Granted March 16, 1926.
• 1925 - Fessenden's filed suit for $60,000,000 against the Radio Corporation of America, The American Telephone & Telegraph Company, the General Electric Company, the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, the Western Electric Company Inc, the International Radio Telegraph Company, the United Fruit Company and the wireless Specialty Appliance Company.
His contempt for the leaders of "Big Business" and their methods is well-known. He has yet to back down in a fight with Wall Street, of which he has had quite a few.
1927 - Between 1927 and 1935, 52 different inventions in electricity were introduced to the company by Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah.
• 1928 - Fessenden settles for $2,5000,000 with the Radio Corporation and the rest of the organizations listed in the suit of December, 1925.•
The Institute of Radio Engineers presented him with its Medal of Honor, and Philadelphia awarded him a medal and a cash prize for "One whose labors had been of great benefit."
• 1929 - Fessenden won Scientific American's Gold Medal for the fathometer
• 1932 - Reginald Fessenden died
at his vacation home by the sea in Hamilton, Bermuda on July 22, 1932, four years after settling a law suit against his former bosses, GE and RCA for $2.5-milliion. He was interred in the cemetery of St Mark's Church on the island.
On the stone lintel acros His grave there contains the paean:
"By his genius distant lands converse and men sail unafraid upon the deep."
• 1986 - Reginald Aubrey Fessenden was inducted posthumously into the CAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame. No Canadian more deservedly could have been accorded this recognition.
03 • PATENTS AND LAWSUITS - 1896 to 1928, and Fessenden's improvements on Wireless Telephone™, EXCERPTS -
• 1900 - U.S. Patent 644972, Fessenden "Induction Coil for X-ray Apparatus" Filed March 10, 1897, Granted March 6, 1900. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1900 - U.S. Patent 648660, Fessenden "X-ray Apparatus" Granted May 1, 1900. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
0
• 1900 - U.S. Patent 654390, Fessenden "Induction-coil" Granted July 24, 1900. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - after a squabble over patent rights Fessenden resigned from the United States Weather Bureau.
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706740, Fessenden "Wireless Signaling" (heterodyne principle) Filed Sept. 20, 1901, Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706741, Fessenden "Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy" (compressed air spark gap transmitter) Filed Nov. 1901, Granted Aug. 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706742, Fessenden "Wireless Signaling", (transmit-receive switch) Filed June 1900, Granted Aug. 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706744, Fessenden "Current Actuated Wave Responsive Device" ("barretter" detector) Granted Filed July 1, 1902, Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706745, Fessenden "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" Filed July 1, 1902, Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706746, Fessenden "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" (ground plane) Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 706747, Fessenden "Apparatus for Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" (voice modulation of 50 kHz alternator -- continuous wave transmitter) Granted August 12, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1902 - U.S. Patent 715203, Fessenden "Selective Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" (multiplex transmission and reception) Granted Dec. 2, 1902. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727327, Fessenden "Receiver for Electromagnetic Waves" Filed Sept. 27, 1902, Granted May, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727328, Fessenden "Receiver for Signaling" Filed Dec. 20, 1902, Issued May 5, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727329, Fessenden "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" Filed March 14, 1902, Granted May, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727330, Fessenden "Signaling by Electromagnetic Waves" Filed March 21, 1903, Issued May 5, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent 727331, Fessenden "Receiver for Electromagnetic Waves" (improved "barretter") Filed April 1, 1903, Granted May 5, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT
• 1903 - U.S. Patent RE12115, Fessenden "Receiver for Electromagnetic Waves" -- duplicate of 727331 May 5, 1903, reissued May 26, 1903. CLICK TO VIEW PATENT

In 1900 Fessenden left the University of Pittsburgh to work for the United States Weather Bureau, on the understanding that the Bureau could have access to any devices he invented, but that he would retain ownership. At the Weather Bureau he invented the liquid barretter (an early radio receiver) and attempted to work out a means for wireless transmission of weather forecasts. On December 23, 1900, a few associates had claimed he transmitted his own voice over the first wireless telephone from a site on Cobb Island in the middle of the Potomac River near Washington, DC., near the spot where the first Stubblefield ship to shore broadcast took place. After a squabble over patent rights, Fessenden resigned from the Bureau in 1902.
••• Lacking the showmanship of Tesla, Marconi and Edison, and his frustration often showed in his personality, which made it nearly impossible for him to market his inventions without the help of outside investors, like Pennsylvania businessmen, Hay Walker, Jr., and Thomas H. Given. They joined with Fessenden to form the National Electric Signaling Company (NESCO), to carry on his own research, and also to develop Morse code services between Marshfield's Brant Rock, Massachusetts and several points in the United States. Fessenden recognized that a continuous wave transmission was required for speech and he continued the work of Nikola Tesla, John Stone Stone, and Elihu Thomson on this subject. Fessenden felt he could also transmit and receive Morse code better by the continuous wave method than with a spark-apparatus such as the one that Marconi was using. This work arose out of Fessenden's desire for a more effective type of receiver than the coherer, a delicate device that was limited in its sensitivity by rolling of a ship at sea. In 1903 he developed a new receiving mechanism&emdash;the electrolytic detector and another less successful called a barretter detector. As his work progressed Fessenden evolved the heterodyne system. However, due to faulty construction and the fact that it was ahead of its time, heterodyne reception was not fully appreciated until the oscillating triode was devised, thus allowing a practical means of generating the local frequency. Between 1905 and 1913 Fessenden developed a completely self-sustaining wireless system.
••• In 1903 Fessenden's first high-frequency Tesla type of alternator for continuous wave transmission, was built to his specifications by General Electrics, E. F. W. Alexanderson, one of the Smart Daaf Boys. The Alexanderson alternator, which produced such alternating currents, was done at General Electric, (Charles Proteus Steinmetz, was CEO of GE at the time). Fessenden sent a voice message to an assistant 50 miles away, and another voice sound was heard at his experimental towers in Scotland. In 1904 he was hired to help engineer the Niagara Falls power plant for the newly formed Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario.
••• Finally on Christmas Eve 1906, with an upgraded Alexanderson alternator of greater power from GE, he purportedly transmitted the first audio radio broadcast in history from Brant Rock, Massachusetts.
••• Ships at sea with a same like reciever, were said to hear the broadcast that included Fessenden playing the song O Holy Night on the violin and reading a passage from the Bible.
••• Of course this feat was four years after Smart Daaf Boy Marconi's Dit Dah Morse Code signal "S" was heard by Marconi from England to Newfoundland in 1901, and Stubblefield ship to shore two-way wireless telephone broadcast in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C., in 1902. Fessenden attended the event.
••• Marconi's signal was one-way only. Fessenden's achievement was significant in that he accomplished two-way voice transmission by radio between Machrihanish in Scotland and Massachusetts, using synchronous rotary-spark transmitters and his barretter detectors. Still, the potential for his invention was not recognized, and even his own backers were not interested in voice or music communication.
••• Walker and Given dismissed Fessenden from NESCO in January of 1911. Fessenden brought suit, won, and was awarded damages. To conserve assets pending appeal, NESCO went into receivership in 1912, and Samuel Kintner was appointed general manager of the company.
••• Further work on Fessenden's alternator was given to Ernst F. W. Alexanderson. It took years for Alexanderson to develop an alternator capable of transmitting regular voice transmissions over the Atlantic, but by 1916 the Fessenden-Alexanderson alternator was more reliable for transatlantic communication than the spark apparatus.

NEWTON, Mass, Oct. 13, 1928 --
The internationally known inventor, whose home is at 45 Waban Hill road, Newton, has forced the so-called Radio Trust to pay him $2,500,000 in cash, and name him as -- "the father of Radio."
In addition, the Boston physicist and engineer has secured from eight great corporations acknowledgment of the validity of all his inventions in the field of wireless communication.
Thus ends, in so far as Professor Fessenden is concerned, his suit for $60,000,000 against the Radio Corporation of America, The American Telephone & Telegraph Company, the General Electric Company, the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, the Western Electric Company Inc, the International Radio Telegraph Company, the United Fruit Company and the wireless Specialty Appliance Company.
Claimed $60,000,000
FIGHTS FINANCIERS

His contempt for the leaders of "Big Business" and their methods is well-known. He has yet to back down in a fight with Wall Street, of which he has had quite a few.
When seen at his home in Newton, Processor Fessenden not only told how he beat the radio Trust at its own game, but aired his opinions in general about how "big business" treats the "Little Fellow."
"Just how much did you settle for against the Radio Corporation and the rest of the organizations listed in your suit of December, 1925?" he was asked.
"Exactly $2,5000,000 in cold cash!" -- answered Professor Fessenden.
FESSENDEN ONCE WON $406,175
But triumphing over corporations is nothing new for Professor Fessenden, for in 1912 he was awarded $406,175 in the United States District Court at Boston in a suit against the National Electric Signalling Company.
The award was not only the largest ever given up to that time in Massachusetts, but was notable in bringing out the history of the Boston inventor's pioneer work in wireless telegraph and telephony. -- FOR MORE STORY SEE LOST NEWS ARTICLES ON GE, RCA LAW SUIT CLICK HERE / CLICK FOR PART TWO OF FESSENDEN ARTICLE
••• Before all of his successful law suits, he was an inveterate tinkerer who perfected the devices description on paper, to make them into work in thought, the way were supposed to. Reginald Fessenden eventually become the holder of more than 500 patents. He could often be found in a river or lake, floating on his back, a cigar sticking out of his mouth and a hat pulled down over his eyes.
••• In this state of relaxation, it was said that Fessenden could imagine, invent and think his way to new ideas, including a version of microfilm, that helped him to keep a compact record of his inventions, projects and patents. He patented the basic ideas leading to reflection seismology, a technique important for its use in exploring for petroleum.
••• In 1915 he invented the fathometer, a sonar device used to determine the depth of water for a submerged object by means of sound waves, for which he won Scientific American's Gold Medal in 1929. The Institute of Radio Engineers presented him with its Medal of Honor, and Philadelphia awarded him a medal and a cash prize for "One whose labors had been of great benefit"
••• Fessenden's private residence at 45 Waban Hill Road in the Chestnut Hill district of Newton, Massachusetts is on the National Register of Historic Places.

MAXWELL'S ETHER THEORY DIES - November, 13, 1931. The one-hundredth anniversary of Clerk Maxwell's birth was marked by the scientific world "digging a grave for the theory of a luminiferous ether," but at the same time honoring Maxwell's mathematical genius.

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Notice to all major Wireless Telephone Companies and Wi-Fi Broadcasters. The Next Century of the Wireless Telephone is waiting for you! Get Ready for 2007 -- the 100th year of the Registration of the Wireless Telephone Patent and its Name.
Photos courtesy of Special Collections and Archives of the Stubblefield Wireless Trust and Murray State University. The Wireless Telephone and other marks © ® and ™ by the Stubblefield Family Fund. www.nbstubblefield.com / www.wirelesstelephone.org

StubblefieldMarconiAmbrose FlemingReginald FessendenTeslaDeForestArmstrongAlexanderson
Farnsworth

1903 12 11 - PATENT EXPIRES: Wireless Telegraph - Induction; Emerson Amos Dolbear's 1986 Wireless Telegraph- Induction Patent expires.
1904 0201 - Stubblefield 's Groundless All-in-One Radio System completed February, 1904.
1905 02 -AUDION PATENT Number One, #979,275, was Applied For On February 2, 1905 - By DeForest.
1905 - PATENT LAWS - Revised (1905, STATUTE: SEC. 4886).
1906 12 - Ship To Shore Christmas Eve Broadcast With GE Alternator (Christmas Eve) Reginald Fessenden and Ernst Alexanderson. Occured the same year Tesla's Westinghouse patent for his 60-cycle electrical generator expired.
1907 0228 - THE FIRT RADIO STOCK CORPORATION. DeForest RADIO TELEPHONE COMPANY - On February 28, 1907 - the first Wireless Telephone company USING the new WORD "RADIO".
1907 0405 - Stubblefield In Washington. Nathan B. Stubblefield's Wireless Telephone Patent Application Filed Apr. 5, 1907, Serial No. 366,544 -Room 109. The first permanent wireless telephone broadcasting installation was in January, 1892. The station was constructed in Murray, Kentucky, by Stubblefield's Teleph-on-del-green Industrial College, on the campus where Murray State University is now located,
1907 0601 - June 1, 1907 - STUBBLEFIELD PROSPECTUS - VALUABLE APPLICATIONS OF THIS INVENTION. As Cited In Our United States Patent Application.
1907 0607 - Private Prospectus - June 7, 1907 - U.S. Army Signal Corps - Major Squier, Washington, D.C. -
1907 1017 - Stubblefield Wireless Telephone Patent Application Approved By Commissioner Allen - Nathan B. Stubblefield - (Patent Expires October 17, 1924).
1908 12 - Antenna PATENT EXPIRES: Thomas A. Edison's Antenna - 1891 Wireless Telegraphy Patent Expires.
1908 0512 - PATENT: Stubblefield Received His All Purpose - Wireless Telephone Patent, Number 887,357 Click to Go To US Patent Office -- then Click Full Text to refresh page. - (Patent Expires May 12, 1925)
1908 0218 - PATENT: Audion Patent Number Three, #879, 532 Covering The Device As A Detector - Was Issued On February 18, 1908, TO DeForest.
1909 - CONTINENTAL WIRELESS TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, 1909: Included six companies. (Wireless Telegraphy or Wireless Telephony): Incorporated December 1909 In Arizona For $5 million.
1909 0417 - STUBBLEFIELD'S CANADIAN PATENT Issued #114,737 - GRANTED TO STUBBLEFIELD - (Patent Expires in 1926).
1909 0615 - Stubblefield Assigns Canadian Patent To A. Frederick Collins, June 15, 1909. Collins assigns 75% of his old Collins Wireless Telephone Company Formed in 1903.
1909 1114 - A. Frederick Collins - Electrical Show In Madison Square Garden, New York, Oct. 14, 1909 for the purpose of selling stock in the Collins Wireless Telephone Co.
1911 - COLLINS INDICTED - December 1911. Four officers of the Continental Co. excepting Walter Massie were indicted for using the mails to defraud in selling worthless stock.

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Yes90 tviNews S90 109 TVInews 109 - Reginald Fessenden (1871-1932) the "R" in "Smart Daaf Boys" The inventors that put the Pizzazz in Radio Wave. Fessenden was the Inventor and several devices for transmitting spark EMW signals for Wireless Telegraphy and RF Antenna system, and demonstrated the transmission of voice and music through space between 1907 - 1913. None were Public demonstrations. See 1927 $2.5 Million Settlement with GE and RCA. / Feature Story / • stubblefield / Smart90, lookradio, nbs100, tvimagazine, vratv, xingtv, Ddiaries, Soulfind, nbstubblefield, congming90, chinaexpo, vralogo, Look Radio, China Expo, Soul Find, s90tv, wifi90, dv90, nbs 100, Josie Cory, Publisher, Troy Cory, ePublisher, Troy Cory-Stubblefield / Kudoads, Photo Image665, Movies troy cory show duration:medium:free - 4 min - Television With No Borders

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